The Main Directions of Modernization of Professional Education In Uzbekistan

This article discusses the professional education system in Uzbekistan, the development of professional education standards and training programs based on the requirements of the international and local labor market and learning outcomes, and the modernization of the network of educational institutions

PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND THE LEXICALIZATION PHENOMENON

This article comments on the lexeism of phraseological units in Uzbek linguistics. Examples of cases of stagnation and crossing phrases that are easily included in speech as a unit of language are described. Two semantic types of phrases based on the relationship between the meaning of a phrase and the meaning of lexemes in it were distinguished in the article: 1) phraseological integrity and 2) phraseological disorder. It has been observed that a meaning understood from phraseological units is a superficial, tolerable meaning and that it is a process of lexemization, and that the derivation of a complex meaning is an expression of conflicting meanings. A proper understanding of phraseological units is a logical mistake, exaggerating and exaggerating the action that was taken, and trying to explain the existence of common similarities and similarities that connect movements with the concept of a cluster. It has been argued that phraseological units are a product of the lexemization of linguistic units.Keywords: phraseological units, lexemization, portable meaning, language unit, speech unit, lexeme, phrase, stagnation, phraseological unit, phraseological intersection

Procoagulant Platelets

There are two well-known subpopulations of activated platelets: pro-aggregatory and procoagulant. Procoagulant platelets represent a subpopulation of activated platelets, which are morphologically and functionally distinct from pro-aggregatory ones. Although various names have been used to describe these platelets in the literature (CoaT, CoaTed, highly activated, ballooned, capped, etc.), there is a consensus on their phenotypic features including exposure of high levels of phosphatidylserine (PSer) on the surface; decreased aggregatory and adhesive properties; support of active tenase and prothrombinase complexes; maximal generation by co-stimulation of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and protease-activated receptors (PAR). In this chapter, morphologic and functional features of procoagulant platelets, as well as the mechanisms of their formation, will be discussed

Minocycline Decreases Liver Injury after Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation in Mice

Patients that survive hemorrhage and resuscitation (H/R) may develop a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that leads to dysfunction of vital organs (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS). SIRS and MODS may involve mitochondrial dysfunction. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, C57BL6 mice were hemorrhaged to 30 mm Hg for 3 h and then resuscitated with shed blood plus half the volume of lactated Ringer's solution containing minocycline, tetracycline (both 10 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), necrosis, apoptosis and oxidative stress were assessed 6 h after resuscitation. Mitochondrial polarization was assessed by intravital microscopy. After H/R with vehicle or tetracycline, ALT increased to 4538 U/L and 3999 U/L, respectively, which minocycline decreased to 1763 U/L (P < 0.01). Necrosis and TUNEL also decreased from 24.5% and 17.7 cells/field, respectively, after vehicle to 8.3% and 8.7 cells/field after minocycline. Tetracycline failed to decrease necrosis (23.3%) but decreased apoptosis to 9 cells/field (P < 0.05). Minocycline and tetracycline also decreased caspase-3 activity in liver homogenates. Minocycline but not tetracycline decreased lipid peroxidation after resuscitation by 70% (P < 0.05). Intravital microscopy showed that minocycline preserved mitochondrial polarization after H/R (P < 0.05). In conclusion, minocycline decreases liver injury and oxidative stress after H/R by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction

Platelet CD36 Signaling Through ERK5 Promotes Caspase-Dependent Procoagulant Activity and Fibrin Deposition In Vivo

Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for clinically significant thrombotic events. In this condition, scavenger receptor CD36 potentiates platelet reactivity through recognition of circulating oxidized lipids. CD36 promotes thrombosis by activating redox-sensitive signaling molecules, such as the MAPK extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). However, the events downstream of platelet ERK5 are not clear. In this study, we report that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) promotes exposure of procoagulant phosphatidylserine (PSer) on platelet surfaces. Studies using pharmacologic inhibitors indicate that oxLDL-CD36 interaction–induced PSer exposure requires apoptotic caspases in addition to the downstream CD36-signaling molecules Src kinases, hydrogen peroxide, and ERK5. Caspases promote PSer exposure and, subsequently, recruitment of the prothrombinase complex, resulting in the generation of fibrin from the activation of thrombin. Caspase activity was observed when platelets were stimulated with oxLDL. This was prevented by inhibiting CD36 and ERK5. Furthermore, oxLDL potentiates convulxin/glycoprotein VI–mediated fibrin formation by platelets, which was prevented when CD36, ERK5, and caspases were inhibited. Using 2 in vivo arterial thrombosis models in apoE-null hyperlipidemic mice demonstrated enhanced arterial fibrin accumulation upon vessel injury. Importantly, absence of ERK5 in platelets or mice lacking CD36 displayed decreased fibrin accumulation in high-fat diet–fed conditions comparable to that seen in chow diet–fed animals. These findings suggest that platelet signaling through CD36 and ERK5 induces a procoagulant phenotype in the hyperlipidemic environment by enhancing caspase-mediated PSer exposure

WORD FORMATION IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF KNOWLEDGE

The article discusses the word formation as an element of knowledge in cognitive linguistics, as well as problems the formation of complex words

Word Formation is an Integral Part of Knowledge

The article discusses the word formation as an element of knowledge in cognitive linguistics, as well as problems the formation of complex words

LINGVOCULTUROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTHROPONYMS USED IN ARTISTIC WORKS

Ethnic, cultural and spiritual views and religious beliefs of people who lived in antroponyms in ancient times have been preserved and reached to us. On the genetic basis of names can be expressed different outlines, concepts related to nouns. In the center of this imagination is also a person, pictures and habits characteristic of the historical period in which he or she lived, dreams and hopes are expressed. A name is one of the phenomena that occupy a special place in a person's life. In artistic works, too, the choice of a name for the heroes requires a little reflection. The name of some heroes is considered an important tool in revealing the idea expressed in the artistic works. The article covers some anthroponyms used in oral epic and fairy tales, classical literature and examples of modern literature and their meaning, the connection of the hero with the fate of his or her name, the events described the lingvoculturological aspects of anthroponyms in the artistic work