Environmental and ecological studies in northern Alborz (Guilan Province)

Caspian Sea with an area of 400 thousand square kilometers is the largest lake in the world. The Caspian Sea about 1200 km from north to south on the longest section and an average width of 320 km. along the coastline around the Caspian Sea is about 6500 kilometers. Caspian Sea is about 78,000 cubic kilometers of water volume that is 44% of stocks of blue lakes around the world. Caspian Sea basin, which is composed of seven major basins of the main watershed from west to east are: juniper, Talsh- Anzali, large Sefidrood between Haraz Sefid and, Hraz- Gharehsou, Nagorno Sv- Gorgan and Atrak in the basin of Aras no limits to the beach. Aras sub-basin is located in the North West and Iran, the second largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Talysh-Anzali on the Caspian Sea basin West and the seventh largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. White basin is located in the South East of the Caspian Sea and the extent of the sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Haraz located in the south Caspian Sea basin and the ninth largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Gorgan is located in the South East of the Caspian Sea basin and the fourth largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. In these areas, about 28 percent of the total fish production in the northern waters of aquatic allocated

Environmental and ecological studies in northern Alborz (Golestan Province)

Caspian Sea with an area of 400 thousand square kilometers is the largest lake in the world. The Caspian Sea about 1200 km from north to south on the longest section and an average width of 320 km. Along the coastline around the Caspian Sea is about 6500 kilometers. Caspian Sea is about 78,000 cubic kilometers of water volume that is 44% of stocks of blue lakes around the world. Caspian Sea basin, which is composed of seven major basins of the main watershed from west to east are: juniper, Talsh- Anzali, large Sefidrood between Haraz Sefid and, Hraz- Gharehsou, Nagorno Sv- Gorgan and Atrak in the basin of Aras no limits to the beach. Aras sub-basin is located in the North West and Iran, the second largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Talysh-Anzali on the Caspian Sea basin West and the seventh largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. White basin is located in the South East of the Caspian Sea and the extent of the sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Haraz located in the south Caspian Sea basin and the ninth largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Gorgan is located in the South East of the Caspian Sea basin and the fourth largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. In these areas, about 28 percent of the total fish production in the northern waters of aquatic allocated

An Evaluation of the Level of Anti-phospholipase A2 Receptor (PLA2R) Antibody in Different Pathological Types of Glomerulonephritis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nowadays, anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody is recognized as a diagnostic biomarker for idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) and is also used to assess disease progression. Considering the differences in the prevalence of this antibody in various geographic regions, this study aims to evaluate the level of anti-PLA2R antibody in different types of glomerulonephritis and its relationship with proteinuria and creatinine clearance. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 115 patients with diagnosis of glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome. The patients were divided into three categories of iMN (34 patients), secondary membranous nephropathy (9 patients) and other types of glomerulonephritis (72 patients) based on their clinical history and test results. Demographic data, latest creatinine level, volume, protein and the 24-hour urine creatinine were recorded and the creatinine clearance was calculated. The serum level of anti-PLA2R antibody was measured and the level of antibody ≥ 20 RU/ml was considered positive. The level of antibody was compared between the three groups and the relationship between antibody levels and creatinine clearance and proteinuria was assessed in patients with iMN. FINDINGS: The mean age of the patients was 38±13 years. 81 patients (70%) were female. The mean (SD) antibody level in iMN patients was significantly higher than secondary membranous nephropathy and other types of glomerulopathy (129.9±190.1, 2.6±1.7, 2.0±1.6, respectively, P<0.0001). The antibody level was positive in 47% of the patients with iMN, while it was not positive in any of the other types of glomerulopathy (P<0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between antibody levels and creatinine clearance or 24-hour proteinuria in patients with iMN. CONCLUSION: Results of the present study demonstrated that the presence of anti-PLA2R antibody specifically indicates idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis. However, antibody level is not associated with disease severit