The Influence of Attitude on Online Buying Behaviour and Moderator Impact of Culture: A Study of Islamic Republic of Pakistan Youth

The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of attitude on online buying behaviour. Attitude acts as independent variable and culture as a moderating variable. The data was collected by individually through 200 questionnaires. The results shows that Attitude affects the online buying behaviour by building trust and strong relationship between employees, the relationship is more enhanced if appropriate technology is used. Keywords: Attitude, buying behavior, Culture, Collectivism

The Influence of Attitude on Online Buying Behaviour and Moderator Impact of Culture: A Study of Islamic Republic of Pakistan Youth

The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of attitude on online buying behaviour. Attitude acts as independent variable and culture as a moderating variable. The data was collected by individually through 200 questionnaires. The results shows that Attitude affects the online buying behaviour by building trust and strong relationship between employees, the relationship is more enhanced if appropriate technology is used. Keywords: Attitude, buying behavior, Culture, Collectivism.

Knowledge Management as a Strategy & Competitive Advantage: A Strong Influence to Success (A Survey of Knowledge Management Case Studies of Different Organizations)

There has been a great deal of recognition in the business world that information and knowledge management can be vital tools in organizations. Knowledge management can be proven a competitive advantage of any organization. The rationale of this exploratory study is to investigate the link among knowledge management system & techniques and organizational success by using knowledge as completive advantage. It is a qualitative research study of different case studies of the use of knowledge management as competitive advantage in different organization that leads to success. A total of 8 different organizations are studied and results propose that by using knowledge management as strategy and competitive advantage, these organizations earn high profit. And it has a great influence to success. Implication and Directions are also discussed together with limitation and suggestions for future research. Keywords: Knowledge Management, Organization, Tacit Knowledge, Explicit Knowledge, KMS, KM Strategies, KM Technologies, Productivity, Competitive Advantage

Regression Analysis as a Managerial Research Tool: A Practical Illustration of Demand Analysis in Pakistan

The study is aimed at analyzing demand estimation and forecasting using regression analysis as a Managerial research tool. The article is about estimating demand of Medicam Toothpaste by viewing the effect of various variables like price of Medicam toothpaste, price of Shield toothbrush, price of Colgate toothpaste, advertisement and total revenue on the demand as well as its forecast for the next quarter. The methodology used is multiple regressions using Ordinary least Square method applied on time series data of 1st quarter of 2007 to 2nd quarter of 2014. Coefficients of price of Medicam and price of shield toothbrush show negative association with demand of Medicam toothpaste in Pakistan. The coefficients attached with price of Colgate toothpaste, Advertisement and total revenue of the firm are positively related with demand of Medicam toothpaste. Price elasticity of demand is -0.156, cross price elasticity of demand w. r. t. price of Colgate is 0.014, and w. r. t. price of shield tooth paste is - 0.059, advertisement elasticity of demand is 0.076 and total sales elasticity of demand is 0.0247. The forecast result shows that the demand has increased in the 3rd quarter of 2014 having demand of 48181.53 units. Keywords: Demand estimation, Demand Forecasting, Elasticities of demand, Regression Analysis, Managerial Research Tools

Impact of Capital Structure on the Profitability in the Manufacturing and Non-Manufacturing Industries of Pakistan

The aim of this paper is to observe the connection between the capital structure and profitability and in fastidious, to measures their significance in manufacturing and non manufacturing industries of Pakistan. The paper adopts a quantitative data of different manufacturing and non manufacturing organizations in Pakistan. The financial statements were analyzed of manufacturing and non manufacturing organizations of Pakistan for the period of 2008-2013. The study reveals that there is a strong negative relationship between the profitability and debt in manufacturing industry and in the Non -manufacturing industry, there is a strong positive relationship between profitability and debt. The population of this study is Manufacturing and Non-Manufacturing industry of Pakistan and units of analysis are D.G Cement factory and AGTL from Manufacturing industry and, HBL & Bank Al-Falah from Non-Manufacturing industry. In this paper descriptive statistics were used to interpret the data. It is proved that manufacturing industry has found a strong negative regression between debts and profit and the non- manufacturing has found a strong positive regression between debt and profit. Keywords: Total debt; capital structure; profitability, performance; Return on Equity; Return on investment; Earning Per share and Price to Earnings Ratio, leverage

Foreign Direct Investment Lead to Exports of Pakistan: An Econometric Evidence

The objective of the study is to empirically analyze that whether foreign direct investment lead to exports of Pakistan for the period from 1972 to 2014. Econometric results are estimated using Partial Adjustment Model for long run as well short run and then some diagnostic statistics are also applied for reliability of results. Long run and short run results propose positive influence of foreign direct investment, exchange rate, trade openness, and real GDP of Pakistan while inflation is found to have inverse effect of exports of Pakistan. Further tests indicate regression model free from Autocorrelation, Heteroskedasticity, abnormality of residuals and dynamic instability problems. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Real GDP, Exports, Exchange Rate, Inflation

Innovation, total factor productivity and economic growth in Pakistan: a policy perspective

Abstract The objective of this study is to endorse the driving factors behind total factor productivity (TFP) and economic growth in Pakistan. Pakistan’s average growth rate is 5% for last few decades, and although this growth level is satisfactory, Pakistan faced several formidable challenges yet. The economic growth has been determined mainly through labor-intensive technology and export-oriented manufacturing activities. However, TFP is assessed from the aggregate production function using the Cobb–Douglas production function that permits for the simultaneous expansion of outputs and contraction of inputs. The annual timer series data have been extracted from 1972–2016 World development Indicator (WDI) for this study. The overall results reveal that almost all variables are statistical significant. Moreover, innovation significantly contributes to economic growth and production level in Pakistan. This analysis may have significant suggestions to policy makers in Pakistan and other emerging economies when framing sustainable growth policy