Sequencing and identification of homologous region encoding rust resistant-gene in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most important crops that is both easily cultivated and of high efficiency. Its product is commonly used as fresh-seed directly or produced into plant oil, cake, candy and milk. It can also be processed as feed for domestic animals for enhancing the protein requirement in daily meals, and it can be exported for providing valuable currency resource. On the other hand, it is also used in the process of land improvement, contributing to increase yield. Soybean is not only useful in medicine for treatment of human disease, but it is also utilized to provide materials for the processing of animal feed with rich-protein resource and also for industrial application. Based on the result of phenotypic evaluation in rust disease, 81 varieties of soybean were classified into three groups: group A consists of 37 varieties with resistance level of 0 and 1; group B has 30 varieties with resistance level of 3 and 5; and group C has 14 varieties with resistance level of level 7 and 9. We have designed two primers for targeting coding region of rust resistant-gene, represented by Langrisat1 and Langrisat2. We have shown that the soybean varieties in group A have high rust resistance capability, which can provide further application in breeding programming. A key task for the future is to determine whether rust resistant-gene can be transferred to susceptible soybean varieties. Two designed primers are needed for synthesis and testing through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) upon request. To the best of our knowledge, the results presented here are the first characterization of nucleotide of rust resistant-gene in soybean. Further analysis is necessary for identifying nucleotide sequence and its functional site accurately

Relationship between aboveground biomass and measures of structure and species diversity in tropical forests of Vietnam

Tropical forests play an important role in storing carbon through aboveground biomass (AGB) and are considered the highest biodiversity ecosystem on earth. However, the quantitative relationship between AGB and structure–species diversity is poorly understood. Twenty-eight 1-ha plots from old-growth tropical evergreen broadleaf forests and dry dipterocarp deciduous forests, distributed in six ecological regions throughout Vietnam, were used for large tree census (diameter at breast height ⩾ 10 cm). Measures of biodiversity (species richness, Shannon index, and evenness) and of structure–species diversity (biomass–species and abundance–biomass–species diversities) were used to determine the patterns and strengths of relationship between each measure and AGB. The linear, logarithmic, and exponential patterns were found, however the former dominated. Negative linear and exponential patterns represented relationship between evenness and AGB, while positive linear and logarithmic relationships were most suitable for others. In general, site – specific relationships (R2 \u3e 0.6) were much stronger than inter – site relationships (R2 \u3c 0.6). Meanwhile, relationships between measures of biodiversity and AGB (the lowest R2 = 0.14) were generally weaker than that between measures of structure–species diversity and AGB (the lowest R2 = 0.31). This finding indicates that structure–species diversity is a sound index representing the role of tropical forest in storing biomass and may suggest that uneven-aged and multistoried plantations should be encouraged for carbon sequestration