Assessment of role of Porphyromonas gingivalis as an aggravating factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with periodontitis

Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with a number of lung conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia. Both chronic periodontitis (CP) and COPD share similar risk factor profiles. Thus, recognition of interaction between periodontitis and COPD could lead to establishment of better preventive and therapeutic approaches. The microbial analysis of sputum from COPD patients with CP to detect periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) both before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 30 individuals diagnosed as COPD with CP. Periodontal indices, lung function test, and P. gingivalis in sputum were assessed before and 6 months after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Results: A decrease in the count of P. gingivalis and decreased periodontal indices values were observed in COPD patients with periodontitis after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Lung function test (forced expiratory volume in the first/forced vital capacity) was improved in COPD patients with periodontitis after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Conclusions: The study results suggest that nonsurgical periodontal therapy can be a part of treatment protocol in COPD patients because it helps in reducing the P. gingivalis count and improving the lung function

Salivary P. gingivalis and PISF IL-1β in periodontally susceptible/non-susceptible individuals

Session 75: Salivary Diagnostics: Oral and Systemic DiseasesPoster PresentationObjective: Salivary periodontal pathogens have been implicated as risk indicators for periodontal and peri-implant disease progression. This study aimed to evaluate the salivary level of P. gingivalis as a possible indicator of the proinflammatory response at periimplant mucositis affected sites in periodontally susceptible and non-susceptible cohorts. Method: 53 non-smoker subjects with peri-implant mucositis were evaluated. 26 subjects had a past history of periodontal disease (P-Group) and 27 were periodontally healthy (N-Group). One site with peri-implant mucositis and one with gingivitis was randomly selected for sampling. Sub-marginal/gingival plaque biofilm, peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) and whole saliva samples were collected. Real time PCR was used to quantify P. gingivalis in the saliva and plaque samples. Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) levels in PISF were determined using ELISA. Subjects were categorized as 'high' (5 log or more) and 'low'(less than 5 log) salivary P.gingivalis carriers and scored according to quartiles of PISF IL-1β levels. Both groups were analyzed for effects of salivary P.gingivaliscarriage on PISF IL-1β score. Result: Salivary P.gingivalis levels were significantly correlated with the plaque levels at peri-implant and gingival niches (p<0.001). N-Group subjects with ‘high’ salivary P. gingivalis had significantly higher PISF IL-1β level than the ‘low’ carriers (p=0.035), whereas no significant difference was found in the P-Group (p=0.552). Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests salivary P. gingivalis is indicative of its biofilm burden at peri-implant and gingival niches. Among non-periodontally susceptible subjects, high salivary P.gingivalis level seemed to be associated with a greater proinflammatory response in peri-implant mucositis, unlike in periodontally susceptible subjects. Host-susceptibility factors seem to modulate the biomarker/risk indicator value of salivary periodontopathogens. Salivary periodontopathogen and PISF IL-1β tests together may be useful for risk assessment in clinical implant dentistry

Solitary Peripheral Osteoma of the Angle of the Mandible

Solitary peripheral osteoma is a benign, slow-growing osteogenic tumor arising from craniofacial bones such as the sinus, temporal, or jaw bones but rarely originating from the mandible. Osteoma consists of compact or cancellous bone that may be of peripheral, central, or extraskeletal type. Peripheral osteoma arises from the periosteum and is commonly a unilateral, pedunculated mushroom-like mass. Solitary peripheral osteomas are characterized by well-defined, rounded, or oval radiopaque mass in the computed tomography. Although multiple osteomas of the jaws are a hallmark of Gardner’s syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis), nonsyndromic cases are typically solitary. Herein, we report a rare case of solitary peripheral osteoma of the angle of the mandible in a 27-year-old female with clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic findings

Salivary IL-1 beta, 'Red Complex Bacteria' and maintenance frequency as predictors of periimplant crevicular fluid IL-1 beta response in periimplant mucositis

ePoster: abstract no. 3282OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association of periimplant crevicular fluid (PICF) IL-1 beta levels with salivary ‘red complex’ periodontopathogen counts, salivary IL-1beta levels, maintenance visit frequency and a cumulative variable, in periodontally susceptible (P) and non-susceptible (NP) subjects with periimplant mucositis. METHODS: 87 healthy partially edentulous subjects under maintenance care were recruited, including 40 with history of chronic periodontitis (periodontally susceptible; P) and 47 without the history (periodontally non-suscpetible; NP). All subjects had at least one implant with periimplant mucositis. Clinical and demographic measures were recorded. IL-1 beta levels in unstimulated whole saliva and PICF were measured by ELISA, respectively. Whereas, the ‘red complex’ bacteria counts in saliva were assessed by real-time PCR. Subjects were scored according to threshold salivary pathogen levels {more than 5 Log (10) counts} and then assigned a ‘Red Complex Score’. Scores were assigned each for quartiles of salivary and PICF IL-1beta levels (1-4) and maintenance frequency (1-3). A cumulative variable C computed as a product of maintenance score, salivary IL-1 beta and ‘Red Complex Score’. Receiver Operating Curves were computed for predicting ‘high (score 4)’ PICF IL-1 beta responders. RESULTS: No significant difference in salivary and PICF IL-1 beta levels as well as periodonpathogen counts was found between the P and NP groups. The ‘Red Complex Score’ (auc=0.758, p=0.010), salivary IL-1beta levels (auc=0.708, p= 0.038) and C values (auc=0.784, p=0.005) were all significant discriminators of the ‘high’ PICF IL-1 beta responders in the NP group, but not in the P group. CONCLUSIONS: The salivary biomarker levels including IL-1 beta, periodontal pathogens and maintenance frequency could not be used to discriminate the ‘high’ PICF 1L-1 beta responders among periimplant mucositis subjects with inherent periodontal disease susceptibility. This finding suggests there may be larger inherent variability in individual host responses to microbial challenge within the disease-susceptible group

Comparison of photographic and conventional methods for tooth shade selection: A clinical evaluation

Aim: This study aimed to compare three different methods used for shade selection, i.e., visual method, spectrophotometer, and digital photography method. Materials and Methods: Fifty participants were selected from the Out Patient Department of Prosthodontics. Presence of the maxillary right central incisor with no history of any restorative or endodontic procedures was the primary inclusion criterion. The shade of the right maxillary central incisor was determined using all the three shade selection procedures, namely, visual, spectrophotometric, and digital photography method for all the selected participants. The shades obtained in the visual method using a shade guide were noted down for further comparisons. The spectrophotometer reported the L*, a*, and b* values along with the actual shade whereas the digital photography method reported only the L*, a*, and b* values. The agreement between the readings obtained by the three different methods was compared and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that when the three methods studied were compared, there was a statistically significant proportion of agreement between spectrophotometric and visual method (P < 0.01) with higher proportion of “yes” (agreement) and between the spectrophotometric and digital photography method (P < 0.01) with higher proportion of “yes” (agreement). Coefficient of agreement (using Kappa coefficient) between spectrophotometric and visual shades revealed a fair agreement. The mean ΔE was 1.69. There was a statistically significant difference between the proportion of ΔE more than and <2, between spectrophotometric and digital photography methods (P < 0.01) with higher proportion of <2 ΔE. Furthermore, percentage of agreement between shades obtained by the visual and spectrophotometric method showed maximum agreement with A1 shade. Conclusion: It was concluded that the digital photography method emerged as a reliable method for shade selection in a clinical setup

Salivary interleukin-1β response is associated with microbiome diversity

Poster Session - Salivary Research III: no. 1247OBJECTIVES: The study investigated the association of the salivary microbiome diversity with salivary Interleukin- 1 β (IL-1β) levels. METHODS: 90 systemically healthy subjects’ under supportive dental care were included. Unstimulated whole saliva, clinical and demographic parameters including history of chronic periodontitis were recorded. 16SrRNA V3-V4 gene amplicons from salivary DNA were subjected to Illumina MISEQ 300 base paired-end sequencing. Data was processed in the Qiime pipeline to generate an OTU table and normalized for differences in read counts per sample. Alpha and beta microbial diversity measures were generated. Mann Whitney U tests for variation of IL- 1β distribution with clinical measures, multiple alpha diversity measures’ (Chao1, Phylogenetic diversity, Shannon) correlation with IL- 1β (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient) was analyzed. Percentage variation in IL- 1β effected by global community composition was analyzed by relating with weighted Unifrac distance beta metrics using Adonis, a nonparametric statistical method. RESULTS: Salivary IL- 1β distribution did not vary significantly with past history of chronic periodontitis (p= 0.596, Mann-Whitney U test). 4187694 non-chimeric 16SrRNA sequences were clustered into 5238 OTUs and mapped to 301 unique taxa. Alpha diversity metrics; Chao1 (r=-0.293,p=0.009), Phylogenetic diversity (r =-0.333, p=0.001) Shannon (r=-0.282, p=0.007) were significantly negatively correlated with salivary IL- 1β levels. Weighted Unifrac beta diversity metric was significantly associated with IL- 1β (p= 0.4296). CONCLUSIONS: Decreased richness and phylogenetic diversity of the salivary microbiome was linked to greater salivary IL- 1β levels in subjects under supportive dental care. The study demonstrated that differences in community composition and a richer salivary microbiome seem to associate with a healthier host physiologic status