Cerium oxide nanoparticle modulates hepatic damage, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in a dose-dependent manner: an in vivo study of rat liver

Objective (s): Cerium oxide nanoparticles nanoceria (CeNPs) is a novel nanoparticle that has great potential for the treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CeNPs on oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver of male rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were equally distributed into 4 groups (n=6/each). The first group was controlled and the next three groups received CeNPs (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg/day), with an intraperitoneal injection (IP) for 7 days. After treatment, serum and liver tissue was isolated. ALT and AST concentration, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total thiol molecules (TTM), interleukin 17 (IL-17), nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α were measured. Results: CeNPs 30, 60 mg/kg caused a significant increased NO (P=0.03, P=0.001), TNF-α (P=0.03, P=0.01) and IL-17 (P=0.04, P=0.01) levels, compared with the control group. Also CeNPs caused a decrease in the TTM (P=0.002) and increased MDA (P=0.04) in 60 mg/kg group compared to the control group. CeNPs 15 mg/kg significantly suppressed mainly the increase in plasma activities of aminotransferases (ALT (P=0.001), AST (P=0.01)), and liver IL-17 (P=0.01) and NO (P=0.02) concentrations compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that the effects of CeNPs are dose-dependent and at 15 mg/kg dose, it may have protective effects. Moreover, CeNPs in 30 and 60mg/kg doses showed immunotoxicity and oxidative effects in the liver

Antioxidativeand hepatoprotective effects of Artemisia absinthium L. hydroalcholic extractin rat

Introduction: Artemisia absinthium L. (AA) is a large, diverse genus of the family Asteraceae. AAhas long been used as customary herbal medicine in world for the treatment of gastric pain, cardiacstimulation, improvement of memory and for the restoration of declined mental function. The aimof present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of AA on some factors ref lecting thedevelopment of oxidative toxic stress in plasma.Methods: Twenty male rats were equally divided in to 4 groups (5 rats each). Group I actedas control (received normal salin). Treatment groups were II, III and IV which were givenArtemisia 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day respectively only by gavage for 24 hours. After treatment,blood specimens were collected. Liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) andalanine aminotransferase (ALT) with total antioxidant power (TAP) and total thiol groups (TTG)concentrations were measured.Results: Levels of ALT, AST and TTG were decreased in the group II compared to the control(group I). ALT and AST in 50 mg/kg group was observed compared with control group. Also, TTGincreased in Artemisia 50 mg/kg group compared to control group.Conclusion: Results suggests that alcoholic extract of Artemisia can ameliorate liver toxicity inrats through reducing the serum levels of ALT, AST, and oxidative damage

How can nanomicelle-curcumin modulate aluminum phosphide-induced neurotoxicity?: Role of SIRT1/FOXO3 signaling pathway

Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is among the most significant causes of brain toxicity and death in many countries. Curcumin (CUR), a major turmeric component, is a potent protective agent against many diseases, including brain toxicity. This study aimed to examine the probable protection potential of nanomicelle curcumin (nanomicelle-CUR) and its underlying mechanism in a rat model of ALP-induced brain toxicity. A total of 36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6) and exposed to ALP (2 mg/kg/day, orally) + CUR or nanomicelle-CUR (100 mg/kg/day, orally) for 7 days. Then, they were anesthetized, and brain tissue samples were dissected to evaluate histopathological alterations, oxidative stress biomarkers, gene expression of SIRT1, FOXO1a, FOXO3a, CAT and GPX in brain tissue via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, biochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods and Real-Time PCR analysis. CUR and nanomicelle-CUR caused significant improvement in ALP-induced brain damage by reducing the MDA levels and induction of antioxidant capacity (TTG, TAC and SOD levels) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GPX), modulation of histopathological changes and up-regulation of gene expression of SIRT1 in brain tissue. It was concluded that nanomicelle-CUR treatment ameliorated the harmful effects of ALP-induced brain toxicity by reducing oxidative stress. Therefore, it could be considered a suitable therapeutic choice for ALP poisoning

Potential in the diagnosis of oxidative stress biomarkers in noninvasive samples of urine and saliva and comparison with serum of persons exposed to crystalline silica

Background: Prolonged exposure to crystalline silica (CS) (SiO2) dust enhances the production of reactive oxygen species. In many studies, oxidative stress has been measured in the serum of workers exposed to SiO2dust. Aims: We investigated the body fluids such as urine, saliva, and serum, which can provide very good results for assessing the health status of workers' exposures to SiO2dust. Materials and Methods: The oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated in serum, urine, and saliva of 21 workers who were exposed to SiO2silica crushing factories in the Hamadan city at the west of Iran as a case group and 28 controls. Results: The level of malondialdehyde in serum, urine, and saliva was significantly higher than that in case group compared to controls (22.19 ± 8.70, 9.86 ± 5.43, and 9.41 ± 7.31 nmol/L vs. 7.30 ± 2.22, 6.79 ± 3.21, and 3.93 ± 3.73 nmol/L, respectively). In addition, the total antioxidant capacity in urine (0.23 ± 0.06 vs. 0.29 ± 0.08 mmol/L), as well as catalase in the serum and saliva of case group was lower than that compared to control group (5.46 ± 1.56 and 1.32 ± 0.55 IU/L vs. 12.55 ± 5.72 and 2.32 ± 1.53 IU/L, respectively). Conclusions: The current study indicated that chronic exposure to SiO2affects significantly on the oxidative stress biomarker levels in serum, urine, and saliva in persons exposed. Furthermore, SiO2leads to the induction of oxidative stress and decreases the activity of the antioxidant enzyme

Comparing the Effect of Grape Fermentative Product and Fresh Red Grape Juice on Antioxidant Biomarkers of Liver Mitochondria Isolated From Rats in Vitro

Background: Mitochondria are a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and several natural compounds are used as antioxidant agents. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of fresh grape juice red wine on oxidative stress biomarkers in rat liver mitochondria. Materials and Methods: In this regard, mitochondria were isolated from the liver of 27 male Wistar rats (220-250 g). The isolated mitochondria were cultured in different doses of red wine and fresh red grape juice for 24, 48, and 72 h. After treatment, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, total thiol groups, and catalase activity were determined in the isolated mitochondria of the rat liver. Results: The results confirmed the oxidant/antioxidant effects of red wine and fresh red grape juice at different times. Conclusion: According to the results, the fresh red grape juice showed higher antioxidant properties than red wine in the liver mitochondrial samples

Antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of Artemisia absinthium L. hydroalcholic extract in rat

Introduction: Artemisia absinthium L. (AA) is a large, diverse genus of the family Asteraceae. AAhas long been used as customary herbal medicine in world for the treatment of gastric pain, cardiacstimulation, improvement of memory and for the restoration of declined mental function. The aimof present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of AA on some factors ref lecting thedevelopment of oxidative toxic stress in plasma.Methods: Twenty male rats were equally divided in to 4 groups (5 rats each). Group I actedas control (received normal salin). Treatment groups were II, III and IV which were givenArtemisia 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day respectively only by gavage for 24 hours. After treatment,blood specimens were collected. Liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) andalanine aminotransferase (ALT) with total antioxidant power (TAP) and total thiol groups (TTG)concentrations were measured.Results: Levels of ALT, AST and TTG were decreased in the group II compared to the control(group I). ALT and AST in 50 mg/kg group was observed compared with control group. Also, TTGincreased in Artemisia 50 mg/kg group compared to control group.Conclusion: Results suggests that alcoholic extract of Artemisia can ameliorate liver toxicity inrats through reducing the serum levels of ALT, AST, and oxidative damage

Chlorella vulgaris supplementation attenuates the progression of liver fibrosis through targeting TGF-β-signaling pathway in the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats

The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying hepatoprotective effect of Chlorella vulgaris extract (CVE). The administration of both doses of CVE attenuated liver damage and decreased serum markers and oxidative stress parameters dramatically. Also, CVE treatment downregulated hepatic gene expression of collagen type1 (Col1a1), fibronectin (Fn1), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (Tgfb1), transforming growth factor-beta receptor 2 (Tgfbr2) and SMAD family member 3 (Smad3) significantly. Hepatic level of TGF-β1 protein was decreased by CVE treatment significantly. CVE supplementation restraints liver fibrosis progression through amelioration of oxidative stress status and targeting TGF-β signaling pathway

Enterolactone Reduces Telomerase Activity and The Level of Its Catalytic Subunit in Breast Cancer Cells

Objective There is a positive correlation between higher serum phytoestrogen concentrations and lower risk of breast cancer. The activation of telomerase is crucial for the growth of cancer cells; therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END) on this enzyme. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we performed the viability assay to determine the effects of different concentrations of ENL and END on cell viability, and the effective concentrations of these two compounds on cell growth. We used western blot analysis to evaluate human telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit (hTERT) expression and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-ELISA based on the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay for telomerase activity. Results Both ENL and END, at 100 μM concentrations, significantly (P<0.05) reduced cell viability. However, only the 100 μM concentration of ENL significantly (P<0.05) decreased hTERT protein levels and telomerase activity. Lower concentrations of ENL did not have any significant effects on telomerase activity and hTERT protein levels. Conclusion High concentration of ENL decreased the viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and inhibited the expression and activity of telomerase in these cells. Although END could reduce breast cancer cell viability, it did not have any effect on telomerase expression and activity

Hepatoprotective effect of the root extract of green tea against malathion-induced oxidative stress in rats

Introduction: Organophosphorus (OPs) pesticides such as malathion intoxication has been shown to generate oxidative stress due to the production of free radicals and alteration of the antioxidant defense system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of extracts from green tea (GT) hydroalcoholic extract on liver function. Methods: Male Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups of 8 rats each. Group I (control), group II was given GT (10 mg/kg/day). Animals of groups III received only malathion, group IV was given GT+ malathion. Animals received malathion 150 mg/kg by gavage and GT 30 mg/kg for 1 week through intraperitoneal injection. Twenty-four hours after treatment, blood samples were collected. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations as well as biomarkers of oxidative stress such as lipid peroxidation (LPO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total thiol groups (TTG) were measured. Results: A decrease in ALT and AST levels in GT group were observed compared with the ones in control group. Also, the results showed that malathion could increase liver toxicity in rats through reduction of ALT and AST. Conclusion: Amelioration of malathion toxicity through reduction of inflammation may suggest a prolonged therapeutic option against pesticides-induced hepatotoxicity