Awareness, perception and practices regarding infant and young child feeding among health care providers in two districts of Madhya Pradesh: a cross-sectional study

Introduction Infant and young child nutrition needs to be given top priority in order to prevent and minimize malnutrition given the low rates of child feeding practices. The present study was carried out to assess the awareness, perception and practices of health care providers (HCPs) regarding (IYCF) practices in Madhya Pradesh

Interaction of 3-Cholorophenyl Guanidine with Mouse Serotonin Type 3A Receptor

Ligand gated ion channels (LGIC) are cell surface protein channels whose actions are gated by various ligands. They belong to the Cys-loop receptor super family and are permeable to cations (nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), serotonin type 3 receptors (5-HT3Rs)) and anions (GABA and glycine receptors). The 5-HT3 type A receptors are homomeric LGIC receptors that play important roles in regulating pain, cognition, and contribute to multiple neurological disorders including depression, epilepsy, anxiety, learning, and attention deficiency disorders. 3-Chlorophenyl guanidine (3-CPG) and its analogs are 5-HT3A receptor agonists and negative allosteric modulators (NAM) of nACh α7 receptors that show efficacy in models of depression and nociception. Using two electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology and mutagenesis, we found that the guanidine moiety of 3-CPG interacts with W183 and the aryl group interacts with Y143 of the 5-HT3AR; thus, these amino acids appear to form a component of the binding site for these compounds. This binding site was further evaluated by various analogs of 3-CPG. Bulky analogs seem to impart steric hindrance in movement of the C-loop region of the binding site and produce antagonist like responses. This supports the hypothesis that the degree of C-loop closure is at least partially responsible for the ability of the compound to either stimulate (agonist) or inhibit the receptor (antagonist). We also found that a small para substitution makes 3-CPG derivatives behave as partial agonists compared to the antagonist properties of bulky 3-CPG derivatives. Restricting the movement of the guanidine moiety converted 3-CPG to an antagonist, possibly due to decreased interaction with W183 or binding in a different orientation. Conformationally constrained analogs, via ring closure, also led to a new group of potential antidepressive ligands called quinazolines which interact with Y143 and Y153. It remains unclear if interaction of quinazolines with the E-loop was direct or just functional. This thesis addresses several primary objectives including the role of C-loop closure in receptor function, the identification of interacting amino acids and structural features of mono-guanidine that mediate partial agonist effects

Awareness, perception and practices regarding infant and young child feeding among health care providers in two districts of Madhya Pradesh: a cross-sectional study

Introduction Infant and young child nutrition needs to be given top priority in order to prevent and minimize malnutrition given the low rates of child feeding practices. The present study was carried out to assess the awareness, perception and practices of health care providers (HCPs) regarding (IYCF) practices in Madhya Pradesh

Chemical and microbial leaching of base metals from obsolete cell-phone printed circuit boards

Bioleaching process is recommended for the recovery of metals from electronic waste (E-waste) due to its environment-friendly nature and a rich source of metals present in the E-waste. Each gram of cell phone printed circuit boards (PCBs) powder used in the study contained 275.5, 17.85 and 19.55 mg copper, zinc and nickel as major metal constituents respectively. The chemical leaching by mixture of ferric sulphate and ferrous sulphate (70:30) at 100 g L−1 pulp density was best for copper leaching among the studied systems in which after 4 d of reaction time, 2740 mg copper was solubilized from cell phone PCB powder, while ferric sulphate alone was best for zinc and nickel solubilisation, in which 88 mg zinc and 135 mg nickel were solubilised after 4 d and 7 d of reaction time, respectively.Bioleaching study showed that with acidophilic iron oxidizers, pH 1.8 and initial ferrous concentration 9 g L−1 were optimum for Cu–Zn–Ni extraction from discarded cell phone PCB powder. Cu–Zn–Ni extractions from 10 g L−1 cell phone PCB powder pulp density by the metabolites of iron-oxidizing consortium were 275, 5 and 11 mg, while at 50 and 100 g L−1 pulp density, extractions were 1350, 18 and 53 mg, and 2640, 25 and 100 mg, respectively. The process can be further scaled-up for higher pulp density. Keywords: Bioleaching, Iron-oxidizers, Discarded cell phone PCBs powder, Cu–Zn–Ni metals, Ferric iro