Car sunshade-induced craniofacial injury: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>We report the case of a man who sustained a craniofacial injury after spontaneous lateral airbag deployment resulting in his face being struck by a car sunshade. This highlights the potential damage that can be caused by any object placed between a lateral airbag and a car occupant.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of a 33-year-old Caucasian man who was the driver in a frontal collision. He had opened the car sunshade and turned it 90° towards the left. As he was driving, he struck a bus, causing the driver's lateral airbag to spontaneously deploy. The airbag pushed the sunshade against his face and injured him.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Car sunshades can cause significant craniofacial injury. We suggest that sunshade design must be improved to reduce the risk of potential injuries to car occupants. We recommend a new, safer sunshade design.</p

Hyperthermia induces differentiation without apoptosis in permissive temperatures in human erythroleukaemia cells

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether induction of differentiation by hyperthermia is accompanied by apoptosis and necrosis to further evaluate the benefits of using hyperthermia as a differentiation inducing physical modality. Materials and method: Differentiation was evaluated in K562 erythroleukaemia cells by measuring haemoglobin synthesis and flow cytometric measurement of glycophorin A expression. Apoptosis was measured by Annexin-V-FITC and Propidium Iodide (PI) double staining assay. Apoptosis and necrosis was also evaluated morphologically using staining with acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) by fluorescence microscopy. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) level was measured by ELISA kit. Results: Hyperthermia (43°C) induced differentiation as judged by increased haemoglobin synthesis and glycophorin A expression. No sign of apoptosis or necrosis could be detected at this temperature. Cell viability did not change due to heat treatment, and cellular proliferation was reduced in a dose (heating time) dependent manner. At 45°C, hyperthermia induced apoptosis and necrosis with minimal or no sign of differentiation. HSP70 level was significantly increased at 43°C along with differentiation of leukaemic cells, while at 45°C no significant effect on HSP70 production could be observed. Conclusions: The encouraging results obtained here indicate that by heat treatment at 43°C, hyperthermia can be used alone or in combination with other modalities as a differentiation inducing agent without any detectable apoptotic activity. Positive correlation between HSP70 production and induction of differentiation and lack of apoptosis by hyperthermia confirm the possible role of HSP70 in the heat-induced differentiation and apoptosis in leukaemic cells

Acute and Long-Term Effects of Hyperthermia in B16-F10 Melanoma Cells

OBJECTIVE: Hyperthermia uses exogenous heat induction as a cancer therapy. This work addresses the acute and long-term effects of hyperthermia in the highly metastatic melanoma cell line B16-F10. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Melanoma cells were submitted to one heat treatment, 45°C for 30 min, and thereafter were kept at 37°C for an additional period of 14 days. Cultures maintained at 37°C were used as control. Cultures were assessed for the heat shock reaction. RESULTS: Immediately after the heat shock, cells began a process of fast degradation, and, in the first 24 h, cultures showed decreased viability, alterations in cell morphology and F-actin cytoskeleton organization, significant reduction in the number of adherent cells, most of them in a process of late apoptosis, and an altered gene expression profile. A follow-up of two weeks after heat exposure showed that viability and number of adherent cells remained very low, with a high percentage of early apoptotic cells. Still, heat-treated cultures maintained a low but relatively constant population of cells in S and G(2)/M phases for a long period after heat exposure, evidencing the presence of metabolically active cells. CONCLUSION: The melanoma cell line B16-F10 is susceptible to one hyperthermia treatment at 45°C, with significant induced acute and long-term effects. However, a low but apparently stable percentage of metabolically active cells survived long after heat exposure

Secundaire preventie van coronaire hartziekte: resultaten van EUROSPIRE IV

OBJECTIVE: Secondary prevention is an important part of cardiovascular risk management. Since 1996, an inventory of cardiovascular risk factors and their treatment has been carried out periodically among patients with coronary heart disease within the framework of the European Action on Secondary Prevention by Intervention to Reduce Events (Euroaspire) project. DESIGN: Retrospective investigation of consecutively hospitalised patients with coronary heart disease. METHOD: Major cardiovascular risk factors and their treatment were investigated using standardised methods in patients who were hospitalised following a first heart infarction or with coronary revascularisation in the Amsterdam and Rijnmond regions of the Netherlands from 2012 to 2013. The investigations were carried out at an average of 18 months after admission. In addition, an oral glucose-tolerance test was carried out in patients without known diabetes. RESULTS: We studied 498 patients. The average BMI was 28 kg/m2, almost 75% had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2and 29% had a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. The mean cholesterol level was 4.4 mmol/l. Among those included, 16% smoked and 20% had diabetes mellitus; the oral glucose-tolerance test led to a new diabetes-mellitus diagnosis in 1% of the patients without known diabetes. A large majority of those included used antihypertensive agents, and slightly more than half used two or more medications. Despite this, half of the patients were hypertensive. CONCLUSION: As far as cardiovascular risk factors are concerned, smoking has almost halved in the past 20 years. Secondary preventative medication has increased to a stable high level. Blood pressure and overweight continue to be serious points for attention. Treatment of hypertension, in particular, should be improved, for instance by dose increases or combination of hypertensive medications. Routine oral glucose-tolerance tests are not useful in cardiac patients