Parameter estimation by learning quantum correlations in continuous photon-counting data using neural networks

We present an inference method utilizing artificial neural networks for parameter estimation of a quantum probe monitored through a single continuous measurement. Unlike existing approaches focusing on the diffusive signals generated by continuous weak measurements, our method harnesses quantum correlations in discrete photon-counting data characterized by quantum jumps. We benchmark the precision of this method against Bayesian inference, which is optimal in the sense of information retrieval. By using numerical experiments on a two-level quantum system, we demonstrate that our approach can achieve a similar optimal performance as Bayesian inference, while drastically reducing computational costs. Additionally, the method exhibits robustness against the presence of imperfections in both measurement and training data. This approach offers a promising and computationally efficient tool for quantum parameter estimation with photon-counting data, relevant for applications such as quantum sensing or quantum imaging, as well as robust calibration tasks in laboratory-based settings.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, code is available at http://github.com/CarlosSMWolff/ParamEst-N

Universal control of a bosonic mode via drive-activated native cubic interactions

Linear bosonic modes offer a hardware-efficient alternative for quantum information processing but require access to some nonlinearity for universal control. The lack of nonlinearity in photonics has led to encoded measurement-based quantum computing, which rely on linear operations but requires access to resourceful ('nonlinear') quantum states, such as cubic phase states. In contrast, superconducting microwave circuits offer engineerable nonlinearities but suffer from static Kerr nonlinearity. Here, we demonstrate universal control of a bosonic mode composed of a superconducting nonlinear asymmetric inductive element (SNAIL) resonator, enabled by native nonlinearities in the SNAIL element. We suppress static nonlinearities by operating the SNAIL in the vicinity of its Kerr-free point and dynamically activate nonlinearities up to third order by fast flux pulses. We experimentally realize a universal set of generalized squeezing operations, as well as the cubic phase gate, and exploit them to deterministically prepare a cubic phase state in 60 ns. Our results initiate the experimental field of universal continuous-variables quantum computing.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures and supplementary material

Qubit readout and quantum sensing with pulses of quantum radiation

Different hypotheses about a quantum system such as the logical state of a qubit or the value of physical interaction parameters can be investigated by the interaction with a probe field. Such fields may be prepared in particularly sensitive quantum states, and we can use quantum trajectories to model the stochastic measurement record and conditional evolution of the state of the quantum system subject to its interaction with a travelling pulse of radiation. Our analysis applies to different measurement strategies and to arbitrary input quantum states of the probe field pulse and it thus permits direct comparison of their metrological advantages.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Evaluation of Oxidative Fat Quality in Ready-To-Eat Foods in Restaurants of Isfahan, Iran

Background: Preparation of ready-to-eat food by deep frying at a high temperature causes adverse chemical changes including oil oxidation, polymerization, and hydrolysis, in addition to absorbance of large amounts of oil. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of oil absorbed in ready-to-eat foods by measuring oxidation indices. Methods: In this descriptive study, 60 food samples including 26, 17, and 17 samples of fried potato, chicken, and mushrooms, respectively, were randomly collected from restaurants in different regions of Isfahan, Iran. Peroxide value was measured using spectrometer and acid and acidity values were determined by the method defined in national standard of Iran. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS software. Findings: Average values of peroxide, acid, and acidity of extracted oils were 6.79 ± 1.70 meq/kg, 4.05 ± 0.88 mg KOH/g, and 2.04 ± 0.33%, respectively. Overall, 66.66% and 100% of samples had peroxide and acidity values higher than the standard limit. Fried chickens had the highest amount of acid value (P < 0.050). The amount of peroxide in fried potatoes was higher than other samples. Conclusion: The measured oxidative values in fried potatoes, chicken, and mushrooms compared to other studies were less; however; they were more than the range defined in the national standard of Iran. It seems that continuous monitoring and implementation of health guidelines for the quality of the studied products is necessary by health authorities

Genetic of Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review Article

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common problems for old peoples. Etiology of AD is not clear, but genetic factors play a major role in determining a person's risk to develop AD. Twin and family studies con-firm that AD has a genetic basis.AD genetics has been split into two broad categories: early-onset and late-onset. EO-AD cases are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. In this form, dominant mutations in genes like APP, PSEN-1 and PSEN-2 associated with AD. This study aimed to consider the role of genetic in AD. Method: At the first, most of the references in relation with genetic basis of AD searched from the following web-sites: PubMed, Science direct, Wiley & Sons (1995-2014). Then, the most common genes and their affects described briefly. Results: Aging is the most obvious risk factor for developing AD. There is a genetic basis for AD, of course this rela-tion is not complete but it is significant. Conclusion: More than thousand genes studied in relation with Alzheimer's disease. Against the improvements in understanding different aspects of AD, the accurate genetic foundation of AD remain unclear

Regulatory Effects of Statins on SIRT1 and Other Sirtuins in Cardiovascular Diseases

Adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, such as sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke, are often catastrophic. Statins are frequently used to attenuate the risk of CVD-associated morbidity and mortality through their impact on lipids and they may also have anti-inflammatory and other plaque-stabilization effects via different signaling pathways. Different statins, including atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, pitavastatin, and simvastatin, are administered to manage circulatory lipid levels. In addition, statins are potent inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase via modulating sirtuins (SIRTs). During the last two decades, SIRTs have been investigated in mammals and categorized as a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) with significant oxidative stress regulatory function in cells-a key factor in extending cell lifespan. Recent work has demonstrated that statins upregulate SIRT1 and SIRT2 and downregulate SIRT6 in both in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical trials. As statins show modulatory properties, especially in CVDs, future investigations are needed to delineate the role of SIRT family members in disease and to expand knowledge about the effects of statins on SIRTs. Here, we review what is currently known about the impact of statins on SIRTs and how these changes correlate with disease, particularly CVDs