Build orientation optimization problem in additive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging type of production technology to create three-dimensional objects layer-by-layer directly from a 3D CAD model. AM is being extensively used by engineers and designers. Build orientation is a critical issue in AM since it is associated with the object accuracy, the number of supports required and the processing time to produce the object. Finding the best build orientation in the AM will reduced significantly the building costs and will improve the object accuracy. This paper presents an optimization approach to solve the part build orientation problem considering the staircase effect, support area characteristics and the build time. Two global optimization methods, the Electromagnetism-like and the Stretched Simulated Annealing algorithms, are used to study the optimal orientation of four models. Preliminary experiments show that both optimization methods can effectively solve the build orientation problem in AM, finding several global solutions.This work has been supported and developed under the FIBR3D project - Hybrid processes based on additive manufacturing of composites with long or short fibers reinforced thermoplastic matrix (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016414), supported by the Lisbon Regional Operational Programme 2020, under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This work was also supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Who is the Ultimate Master of Contractual, Regulatory, Discretionary and Residual Cash Flows? An Answer from the Standpoint of Corporate Governance

This paper sets forth a framework of analysis that links contractual, discretionary, regulatory and residual cash flows with decision rights over them. To attain this purpose, firstly we introduce the standard incremental cash flow model, underlying its main limitations. Secondly, we move on bringing to light cash flows to senior management and directors, as well as the so-often neglected investment portfolio. Next, we settle down to what we are going to call the compact cash flow model that comprises five building blocks, namely those arising out of assets, those addressed to owners, creditors, managers and directors, and lastly the company's investment portfolio. Afterwards, contractual, discretionary, regulatory and residual cash flows are enlarged upon. Last of all, we focus on decision rights over every constituent of each building block. This issue carries weight in Corporate Governance since stakeholders who claim or exercise decision rights, also could trespass on the rules of the game, becoming better off to the expense and damage of other stakeholders

Kenali, Cegah dan Atasi Dislipidemia Recognize, Prevent, and Eradicate Dyslipidemia

Dislipidemia adalah kelainan metabolisme lipid yang ditandai dengan peningkatan maupun penurunan satu atau lebih fraksi lipid dalam darah. Peningkatan kadar kolesterol total dan LDL darah dapat disebabkan oleh peningkatan konsumsi lemak jenuh dan kolesterol yang tinggi dalam makanan. Pada perjalanan dislipidemia, apabila kadar kolesterol tidak terkontrol dengan baik, maka akan meningkatkan risiko terjadi nya komplikasi baik akut maupun kronis. Pada umumnya, sebagian masyarakat telah mengenal perihal kolesterol secara umum namun mungkin belum memahami bagaimana cara mencegah dan mengatasi kadar kolesterol darah yang tinggi. Edukasi yang baik disertai terapi nutrisi, jasmani dan tatalaksana farmakologi diharapkan dapat mengendalikan progresifitas penyakit dislipidemia dan komplikasinya. Oleh karena itu pengabdian masyarakat berbasis webinar ini diadakan selain untuk meningkatkan keilmuan, juga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran akan bahaya dari penyakit dislipidemia. Kegiatan webinar ini menargetkan mahasiswa UTA45 dan masyarakat umum dengan luaran yang diharapkan yaitu dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang penyakit dislipidemia. Webinar dengan metode presentasi dan tanya jawab yang dilaksanakan pada 27 April 2022. Total peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan webinar dengan mengisi absen secara online sebanyak 66 peserta. Persentase rata – rata total skor prestest perserta sebesar 70,2% dan rata – rata skor posttest sebesar 79,6% dapat dilihat bahwa terjadi peningkatan skor posttest sebesar 9,4%

Sosialisasi Pengenalan Dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus

Diabetes melitus didefinisikan sebagai kelainan metabolik dengan berbagai etiologi yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia kronis dengan gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, protein dan lemak yang dihasilkan dari defek pada sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau keduanya. Diabetes melitus saat ini menjadi salah satu ancaman kesehatan global. DM dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu DM tipe 1, DM tipe 2, DM gestasional dan DM tipe lain. Penemuan obat diabetes mellitus yang diciptakan juga semakin banyak namun terkadang memiliki efek samping yang tidak kita inginkan. Sehingga melalui penyuluhan ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebaik mungkin agar masyarakat dapat memahami bahwa penting sekali untuk menjaga pola sehat agar terhindar dari penyakit diabetes mellitus. Selama acara berlangsung, Proses sosialisasi berlangsung dengan sangat baik. Untuk memastikan para peserta sosialisasi memahami dan mengerti materi yang telah disampaikan, dilakukan evaluasi pertanyaan mengenai materi dan meminta para peserta untuk mengulang kembali materi yang telah dijelaskan. Sehingga diharapkan para peserta yang lainnya lebih antusias dalam mengikuti penyuluhan dan sesi tanya jawab terhadap materi yang telah disampaika

'Pregnancy comes accidentally - like it did with me': reproductive decisions among women on ART and their partners in rural Uganda

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>As highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) restores health, fertility and sexual activity among HIV-infected adults, understanding how ART influences reproductive desires and decisions could inform interventions to reduce sexual and vertical HIV transmission risk.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a qualitative sub-study among a Ugandan cohort of 1,000 adults on ART with four purposively selected categories of participants: pregnant, not pregnant, delivered, and aborted. In-depth interviews examined relationships between HIV, ART and pregnancy, desire for children, perceived risks and benefits of pregnancy, decision-making regarding reproduction and family planning (FP) among 29 women and 16 male partners. Analysis focused on dominant explanations for emerging themes across and within participant groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among those who had conceived, most couples stated that their pregnancy was unintentional, and often occurred because they believed that they were infertile due to HIV. Perceived reasons for women not getting pregnant included: ill health (included HIV infection and ART), having enough children, financial constraints, fear of mother-to-child HIV transmission or transmission to partner, death of a child, and health education. Most women reported FP experiences with condoms and hormonal injections only. Men had limited FP information apart from condoms.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Counselling at ART initiation may not be sufficient to enable women who do not desire children to adopt relevant family planning practices. On-going reproductive health education and FP services, with emphasis on the restoration of fertility after ART initiation, should be integrated into ART programs for men and women.</p

The neighbourhood social environment and alcohol use among urban and rural Scottish adolescents

Funding for the Scottish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children was provided by NHS Scotland. This work was also supported by the 600th Anniversary Ph.D. Scholarship which was awarded to Gina Martin by the University of St Andrews.Objectives This research examined the relationship between neighbourhood social environmental characteristics and drinking outcomes among a sample of urban and rural adolescents. Methods From a sample of 1558 Scottish secondary schoolchildren, surveyed as part of the 2010 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, we modelled three drinking outcomes on a variety of neighbourhood conditions, including social cohesion, disorder, alcohol outlet density, deprivation, and urban/rurality. Nested and cross-classified multilevel logistic regressions were specified. Results An urban-to-rural gradient was found with non-urban adolescents exhibiting higher odds of having ever drank. Neighbourhood social cohesion related to having ever drank. Among drinkers, those living in accessible small towns had higher odds of weekly drinking and drunkenness compared to urban areas. Higher odds of drunkenness were also found in remote rural areas. Those residing in the least deprived areas had lower odds of weekly drinking. Conclusions In Scotland, inequalities exist in adolescent alcohol use by urban/rurality and neighbourhood social conditions. Findings support regional targeting of public health efforts to address inequalities. Future work is needed to develop and evaluate intervention and prevention approaches for neighbourhoods at risk.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Sinteza, spazmolitsko i antidijaretsko djelovanje nekih 1-supstituiranih derivata imidazola

A series of 1-substituted imidazoles 1a-d and 2a-d were synthesized and screened for antispasmodic and antidiarrheal activities. Antispasmodic activity was tested at various concentrations on isolated tissue preparations; concentration-response curves were plotted and compared with atropine. All compounds were found to inhibit contraction of the guinea pig ileum. Castor oil-induced diarrhea model in rats was used for evaluation of antidiarrheal activity. Parameters such as intestinal transit and volume of intestinal fluid were measured for antidiarrheal activity at 40 mg kg-1 dose and compared with the standard drug loperamide at a 6 mg kg1 dose. Defecation frequency in the test group was found to be significantly lower (p < 0.01) compared to the control group and comparable with that of the standard. The present study reveals that the compounds exert antidiarrheal activity through possible inhibition of intestinal movement and reduction of capillary permeability in the abdominal cavity.U radu je opisana sinteza serije novih 1-supstituiranih imidazola 1a-d i 2a-d te evaluacija njihovog spazmolitskog i antidijaretskog djelovanja. Spazmolitsko djelovanje različith koncentracija ispitivanih spojeva (10, 50 i 100 µg mL1) ispitano je na izoliranim tkivnim preparatima; krivulje ovisnosti djelovanja o koncentraciji uspoređene su s djelovanjem atropina. Svi ispitivani spojevi inhibirali su kontrakcije ileuma zamorca. Dijarea inducirana ricinusovim uljem u štakora korištena je za vrednovanje antidijaretskog djelovanja. Intestinalni prijenos i volumen intestinalne tekućine mjereni su pri dozi od 40 mg kg1 i uspoređeni s učinkom standarda loperamida (doza 6 mg kg1). Učestalost defekacije u testiranoj skupini bila je značajno niža (p < 0,01) u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom i standardom. Provedena ispitivanja pokazuju da antidijaretsko djelovanje ispitivanih spojeva može biti posljedica inhibicije intestinalnih pokreta i redukcije kapilarne permeabilnosti u abdominalnoj šupljini