Heart failure in oncological patients

© 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved. The purpose of the study is to conduct a systematic analysis of data from various literature sources on the role of heart failure in the development of cancer, as well as to consider the problems of diagnosis and treatment of heart failure in patients with cancer. Materials and methods. A review of the literature in the Cochrane Library, Elibrary, and PubMed systems over the past 8 years, which examines common risk factors and mechanisms of heart failure (HF) and malignant neoplasms (MN) has been conducted. RESULTS: Analysis of literature data shows that cardiovascular diseases and cancer have common risk factors. Several common pathophysiological mechanisms have been identified that link heart failure (HF) to the cancer process. These include inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurohormonal activation. HF is currently known as a frequent complication of aggressive cardiotoxic antitumor therapy, which can worsen the course of existing HF or cause its development. Recent epidemiological and experimental analyses show that the development of cancer is more common among patients with pre-existing HF. Although the cause of this relationship has not yet been identified, it is assumed that heart failure may be a Pro-oncogenic condition. Conclusion. Until now, the main focus of cardioncology has been prevention and treatment of cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this context, elucidating the underlying mechanisms plays an important role in developing strategies to prevent chemotherapy-related cardiomyopathy. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that there is more and more evidence that patients with heart failure have a high risk of developing cancer pathology, thereby requiring more attention. In General, understanding the direct and indirect mechanisms of the relationship between HF and MN can help in the prevention and early diagnosis of these diseases

Acute coronary syndrome during chemotherapy

© 2020 EManuscript Technologies. All rights reserved. The use of modern chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of cancer is asso-ciated with various side effects. Cardiovascular complications include various heart rhythm disorders, heart failure, arterial and venous thrombosis of vari-ous localizations. This review article describes the pathophysiological features of various groups of chemotherapeutic drugs that are actively used in everyday practice, which lead to the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome. It also de-scribes the features of percutaneous coronary interventions in patients under-going chemotherapy

Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Hemostatic Disorders in COVID-19 Patients

The novel coronavirus infection named COVID-19 was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it has been responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in scores of countries. At the time this article was being written, the number of infected and deceased patients continued to grow worldwide. Most patients with severe forms of the disease suffer from pneumonia and pulmonary insufficiency; in many cases, the disease is generalized and causes multiple organ failures and a dysfunction of physiological systems. One of the most serious and prognostically ominous complications from COVID-19 is coagulopathy, in particular, decompensated hypercoagulability with the risk of developing disseminated intravascular coagulation. In most cases, local and diffuse macro- and microthromboses are present, a condition which causes multiple-organ failure and thromboembolic complications. The causes and pathogenic mechanisms of coagulopathy in COVID-19 remain largely unclear, but they are associated with systemic inflammation, including the so-called cytokine storm. Despite the relatively short period of the ongoing pandemic, laboratory signs of serious hemostatic disorders have been identified and measures for specific prevention and correction of thrombosis have been developed. This review discusses the causes of COVID-19 coagulopathies and the associated complications, as well as possible approaches to their early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment