A predefined channel coefficients library for vehicle-to-vehicle communications

It is noticeable that most of VANETs communications tests are assessed through simulation. In a majority of simulation results, the physical layer is often affected by an apparent lack of realism. Therefore, vehicular channel model has become a critical issue in the field of intelligent transport systems (ITS). To overcome the lack of realism problem, a more robust channel model is needed to reflect the reality. This paper provides an open access, predefined channel coefficients library. The library is based on 2x2 and 4x4 Multiple – Input – Multiple – Output (MIMO) systems in V2V communications, using a spatial channel model extended SCME which will help to reduce the overall simulation time. In addition, it provides a more realistic channel model for V2V communications; considering: over ranges of speeds, distances, multipath signals, sub-path signals, different angle of arrivals, different angle departures, no line of sight and line of sight. An intensive evaluation process has taken place to validate the library and acceptance results are produced. Having an open access predefined library, enables the researcher at relevant communities to test and evaluate several complicated vehicular communications scenarios in a wider manners with less time and efforts

The antimicrobial activity of oil-in-water microemulsions is predicted by their position within the microemulsion stability zone

It has been shown previously that thermodynamically stable oil-in-water microemulsions have significant antimicrobial activity against planktonic cells and biofilm cells over short periods of exposure. It was the aim of this study to identify whether the position of the microemulsion within the microemulsion stability zone of the pseudo-ternary phase structure predicts the efficiency of the antimicrobial action of the microemulsion. Microemulsions were formulated at different points within the microemulsion stability zone. Experiments were performed to observe the kinetics of killing of these microemulsions against selected test microorganisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404). The results indicated that the antimicrobial activity of the microemulsion is dependant upon its position within the zone of stability and is greater nearer the centre of that zone. The results indicate that significant antimicrobial activity can be observed at all points within the zone of microemulsion stability, but that maximal activity is to be found at the centre of that area

Integration of solar energy and optimized economic dispatch using genetic algorithm: A case-study of Abu Dhabi

© 2017 IEEE. The United Arab Emirates is focusing on cultivating Renewable Energy (RE) to meet its growing power demand. This also brings power planning to the forefront in regards to keen interests in renewable constrained economic dispatch. This paper takes note of UAE's vision in incorporating a better energy mix of Renewable Energy (RE), nuclear, hybrid system along with the existing power plants mostly utilizing natural gas; with further attention for a sound economic dispatch scenario. The paper describes economic dispatch and delves into the usage of Genetic Algorithm to optimize the proposed system of thermal plants and solar systems. The paper explains the problem formulation, describes the system used, and illustrates the results achieved. The aim of the research is in line with the objective function to minimize the total costs of production and to serve the purpose of integrating renewable energy into the traditional power production in UAE. The generation mix scenarios are assessed using genetic algorithm using MATLAB simulation for the optimization problem

Burden of Diarrhea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2013: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Diarrheal diseases (DD) are leading causes of disease burden, death, and disability, especially in children in low-income settings. DD can also impact a child’s potential livelihood through stunted physical growth, cognitive impairment, and other sequelae. As part of the Global Burden of Disease Study, we estimated DD burden, and the burden attributable to specific risk factors and particular etiologies, in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) between 1990 and 2013. For both sexes and all ages, we calculated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which are the sum of years of life lost and years lived with disability. We estimate that over 125,000 deaths (3.6% of total deaths) were due to DD in the EMR in 2013, with a greater burden of DD in low- and middle-income countries. Diarrhea deaths per 100,000 children under 5 years of age ranged from one (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 0–1) in Bahrain and Oman to 471 (95% UI = 245–763) in Somalia. The pattern for diarrhea DALYs among those under 5 years of age closely followed that for diarrheal deaths. DALYs per 100,000 ranged from 739 (95% UI = 520–989) in Syria to 40,869 (95% UI = 21,540–65,823) in Somalia. Our results highlighted a highly inequitable burden of DD in EMR, mainly driven by the lack of access to proper resources such as water and sanitation. Our findings will guide preventive and treatment interventions which are based on evidence and which follow the ultimate goal of reducing the DD burden

Enhancing the Physical Layer in V2V Communication Using OFDM - MIMO Techniques

Vehicular Ad hoc network (VANET) has recently been attracting the attention of researchers as a new technology in the wireless communication system. Vehicle-to-vehicle V2V communication can be considered an important way to help the drivers to satisfy requirements such as less congestion, accident warning, road exploration, etc. The propagation issues such as multipath fading significantly affect the reliability of V2V communication. The goal of this work is to enhance the performance of the physical layer PHY in V2V communication. However, the cellular phone channel has been used to evaluate the possibility of apply it in the vehicular communication V2V. The simulation results observed that the transmitted signal is affected by a multipath fading channel. In order to overcome this problem two techniques are used: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique and Multiple-Input-MultipleOutput (MIMO) diversity technique. The simulation results showed that the OFDM technique overcomes the multipath fading with high transmission power. On the other hand, MIMO diversity technique called Alamouti Space-Time Code for two transmitters and two receivers (MIMO 2x2) is used to improve the error degradation with less transmission power

Utilising SCM – MIMO channel model based on V-BLAST channel coding in V2V communication

Vehicular ad hoc networks VANETs has recently received significant attention in intelligent transport systems (ITS) research. It provides the driver with information regarding traffic and road conditions which is needed to reduce accidents, which will save many people's lives. In Vehicle-to-vehicle V2V communication the high-speed mobility of the nodes is the challenge, which significantly affects the reliability of communication. In this paper the utilising of SCM-MIMO channel model, (which is based on V-BLAST channel coding) is present to evaluate the performance of the PHY layer in V2V communication. The simulation results observed that the SCM model can overcome the propagation issues such as path loss, multipath fading and shadowing loss. The simulation considered three different environments, high, medium and low disruptions in urban traffic

Multi-state analysis functional models using Bayesian networks

Multilevel Flow Modeling (MFM) model maps functionality of components in a system through logical interconnections and is effective in predicting success rates of tasks undertaken. However, the output of this model is binary, which is taken at its extrema, i.e., success and failure, while in reality, the operational status of plant components often spans between these end. In this paper, a multi-state model is proposed by adding probabilistic information to the modelling framework. Using a heat exchanger pilot plant as a case study, the MFM model is transformed into its fault tree [1] equivalent to incorporate failure probability information. To facilitate computations, the FT model is transformed into Bayesian Network model, and applied for fault detection and diagnosis problems. The results obtained illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method

A study of some atomic properties for He-like selected ions

The atomic properties have been studied for He-like ions (He atom, Li+, Be2+ and B3+ions). These properties included, the atomic form factor f(S), electron density at the nucleus , nuclear magnetic shielding constant and diamagnetic susceptibility ,which are very important in the study of physical properties of the atoms and ions. For these purpose two types of the wave functions applied are used, the Hartree-Fock (HF) waves function (uncorrelated) and the Configuration interaction (CI) wave function (correlated). All the results and the behaviors obtained in this work have been discussed, interpreted and compared with those previously obtained