L'Education à la Sexualité (ES) dans les établissements privés et publics au Liban

International audienceCe travail concerne une facette de l'état des lieux sur l'implémentation de l'éducation à la sexualité (ES) dans divers types d'établissements scolaires libanais : privés religieux, privés non confessionnels et publics. Il présente les résultats d'une enquête dans plus d'une centaine d'établissements pour savoir dans lesquels l'enseignement de ce thème est ou non, ou plus ou moins, mis en œuvre, et pour analyser les caractéristiques de cet enseignement quand il existe (classes et matières concernées, thèmes abordés,...). Des directeurs, des coordonnateurs et des enseignants de 104 établissements répartis selon les diverses zones géographiques du Liban ont répondu à un questionnaire. L'ensemble des analyses a montré, selon les établissements, certaines convergences et une diversité, sans corrélation significative avec le statut de l'établissement, portant sur le degré d'implémentation de l'ES, sur les cadres et les personnes les plus appropriés pour la mettre en œuvre. Les points de vue aussi bien convergents, que divergents, peuvent participer aux difficultés d'implémentation de l'ES dans le cadre scolaire libanais

Etat des lieux de l'éducation à la sexualité dans les établissements privés et publics au Liban

Ce travail tente de tracer un état des lieux de l'éducation à la sexualité dans les divers établissements scolaires libanais : privés religieux, privés non confessionnels et publics. Il présente les résultats d'une enquête dans plus d'une centaine d'établissements divers pour savoir dans lesquels l'enseignement de ce thème est ou non, ou plus ou moins, mis en œuvre, et pour analyser les caractéristiques de cet enseignement quand il existe (classes et matières concernées, thèmes abordés,...). Des directeurs, des coordonnateurs et des enseignants de 104 établissements libanais répartis selon les diverses zones géographiques du Liban ont répondu à un questionnaire. L'ensemble des analyses a montré, selon les établissements, une diversité qui porte sur le degré d'implémentation de l'ES, sur sa définition, sur les cadres et les personnes les plus appropriés pour la mettre en œuvre. Cette diversité sans corrélation significative avec le statut de l'établissement peut constituer un obstacle à l'implémentation de l'ES dans le cadre scolaire libanais

Sex Education in Lebanon and France

International audienceThis work is a comparison between France and Lebanon. It analyzes the conceptions of Lebanese and French teachers on issues concerning human sexuality and its education. Our goal is to highlight the different conceptions of teachers in both countries and to identify the parameters to which these differences are correlated. All the multivariate analyses conducted show two very different systems of conceptions, very significantly differentiating Lebanese teachers' conceptions of French teachers ones. French teachers, unlike their Lebanese colleagues, are more conducive to early learning topics related to sexuality to students between 6 and 15 years old depending on the subject. They are more likely to accept abortion and homosexuality, to focus on safer sex as an attitude that can reduce the spread of AIDS, and to consider that the teaching of STIs is not only the issue of biology teachers. The differences between Lebanon and France are not reducible to religion: each country has its own identity rooted in its specific geographical, historical, economic and cultural context

Advancements in Laser and Ultrasound Therapeutic Strategies for Cancer Cells: Recent Review

Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrollable cell growth and division. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonotherapy are all cancer treatment options. In addition to noninvasive cancer ablative therapy. As an example, ultrasonic therapy, even with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) or high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and Laser therapy (photo-biomodulation therapy) in low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with different wavelength ranges from ultraviolet (UV), visible and infrared (IR) that all have demonstrated different results depending on the target of treatment so previous trials therapies are being studied. This paper reviews recent studies on the in vitro treatment effect of ultrasound therapy and laser therapy on normal and cancerous cell lines with specific parameters. The effect of ultrasound results showed a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis in different types of cells, depending especially on sound intensity, known as Special Peak Temporal Average Intensity (ISPTA). While the laser effect is noticed on cell viability, either enhance or inhibit their viability depending upon the dose of exposure and other specific parameters like wavelength, energy density, and power density used in each treatment protocol. The previous studies conclude that each response would have a treatment method with specific parameters, even an increase or decrease in cell viability. Further studies need to be applying these methods in vivo

Secure wireless sensor network using cryptographic technique based hybrid genetic firefly algorithm

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are formed of self-contained nodes of sensors that are connected to one base station or more. WSNs have several primary aims one of them is to transport network node's trustworthy information to another one. As WSNs expand, they become more vulnerable to attacks, necessitating the implementation of strong security systems. The identification of effective cryptography for WSNs is a significant problem because of the limited energy of the sensor nodes, compute capability, and storage resources. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is an encryption technique implemented in this paper with three meta-heuristic algorithms which are called Hybrid Genetic Firefly algorithm, Firefly algorithm, and Genetic algorithm to ensure that the data in the WSNs is kept confidential by providing enough degrees of security. We have used hybrid Genetic firefly as a searching operator whose goal is to improve the searchability of the baseline genetic algorithm. The suggested framework's performance that based on the algorithm of hybrid genetic firefly is rated by using Convergence Graphs of the Benchmark Functions. From the graphs we have conclude that hybrid genetic firefly with AES is best from other algorithms

Aven and Survivin Expression in Egyptian Acute Leukemia and Their Relation to Apoptosis

Background: Several anti apoptotic signals have been recently identified. Aven and Survivin are broadly expressed and are conserved in mammalian species. Patients and Methods: 39 AML and 25 ALL were tested. Aven and Survivin expression were detected by RT-PCR. DNA fragmentation was carried out daily after treatment..Results: Survivin was expressed (P=0.06) more in AML (74%) than in ALL (52%). While, Aven was equally expressed in both leukemias. Patients were categorized into 3 groups based on DNA fragmentation. Absence of Aven significantly (p‹0.001) contributed to DNA fragmentation,but Survivin did not contribute as much. None of the concordant both positive Survivin and Aven were in group III (the good 5 day fragmentation, (P< 0.001). Survivin was statistically related to CD7 expression (P<0.001) in AML only. There was a significant dissociation between Aven and Survivin in AML (p=0.03) and near significant dissociation in ALL (p=0.07). Conclusion: Aven seems to be more important as an inhibitor of apoptosis than survivin in acute leukemia. The presence of both confers a survival disadvantage and a significantly worse DNA fragmentation pattern suggesting a synergistic inhibition of apoptosis. The highly significant relation between CD7 and survivin expression might suggest their involvement in a common signal transduction pathway

Do the images of neuronal pathways in the human central nervous system show or not feed-back ? : a comparative study in 15 countries

In the human brain, the neuronal pathways are networks (which support learning) and work with permanent regulations (feedbacks). However, less than ¼ of illustrations in the analysed school textbooks of 15 countries is showing such regulations. Half of them are concerning the neuro-hormonal control of the reproduction; some are related to the control of the heart rhythm or breathing. Only in some countries the double innervations (gamma and alpha) of striated muscle is taught, and only a few countries are illustrating the neuronal networks in the brain. Most of these teachings are strongly under the influence of behaviourism.European project FP6 Biohead-Citizen CIT2-CT-2004-506015.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) - LIBEC/CIFPEC - Unidade de investigação (16/644)

The Super Character and its Representations in the Modern European Painting

تمثل البحث بدراسة الصفات الخارقة في فلسفة الغرب وتمثلاتها في فنون الحداثة على صعيد البناء الفلسفي للصفات الخارقة بتحليل بعض العمال الفنية في فنون الحداثة. تناول الفصل الأول مشكلة البحث التي تحددت بالسؤال الآتي: هل هناك صفات خارقة في الفلسفة الأوربية تمثلت في الفن الأوربي الحديث؟ أما الهدف من هذه الدراسة فهو التعرف على الكشف عن توظيف مفهوم الرجل الخارق في الفكر الفلسفي الأوربي، واعتمدنا على الأسلوب الوصفي التحليلي في تحليل العينات ضمن إطار فني وفلسفي، وكانت فلسفته دائما وما زالت مثار اهتمام المفكرين وموضوع اختلاف بينهم، واستطاعت هذه الفلسفة أن تحتفظ بسحرها وجاذبيتها التي عرفت بها حتى اليوم، وعلى الرغم مما وجه من نقد إلى فلسفته بصفة عامة إلا أن ذلك النقد لم يكن ليقلل من أهميته في تاريخ الفكر الإنساني حتى، لقد ذهب كاوفمان إلى أن قلة من المفكرين في كل عصرهم الذين يستطيعون أن يؤثروا في الفكر مثلما يؤثر نيتشه، إن فلسفته هي محاولة من جانبه، وعلى طريقته الخاصة لتعرية القيم الأخلاقية التي آمن بها الإنسان منذ مئات السنين وكشف الزيف الذي تنطوي عليه، إن الإنسان من بين كلِّ الكائنات الحية الموجودة على سطح الأرض يستطيع أن ينظر إلى نفسه نظرة نقدية ليس بمعنى أن ينظر إلى نفسه نظرة عدم رضى تجاه فعل أو حالة معينة تعتريه، إذ إن الحيوانات هي الأخرى تتمتع بذلك، وليس بمعنى شعور الاكتئاب الذي يشعر به الحيوان أيضًا، بل بمعنى أن ينظر نظرة سلبية إلى كيانه، بل إلى طريقة وجوده كلِّها، فيرى أنها ليست الواقع الذي يجب أن تكون عليه. فالإنسان يحاكم نفسه دائمًا، وعندما يحاكم نفسه محاكمة عقلانية عادلة يدين نفسه ويستنكر ذاته، فيتوصل إلى حقيقة عدم كماله.The current research is a study of the supernatural qualities in the philosophy of the West and their representations in the arts of modernity at the level of the philosophical construction of the supernatural qualities through the analysis of some artistic works in the arts of modernity. The first chapter dealt with the research problem that was identified by the following question: Are there supernatural qualities in European philosophy represented in European art the talk? The aim of this study is to identify the discovery of the employment of the concept of the supernatural man in European philosophical thought, and we relied on the descriptive and analytical method in analyzing samples within an artistic and philosophical framework. which I have known to this day, and despite the criticism directed at his philosophy in general, this criticism did not diminish its importance in the history of human thought. Nietzsche, his philosophy is an attempt on his part, in his own way, to expose the moral values ​​that man believed in hundreds of years ago and to reveal the falsity that they contain. Man, among all living creatures on the surface of the earth, can look at himself critically, not in the sense that He looks at himself with a look of dissatisfaction with a certain act or situation that he is experiencing, as animals also enjoy that, and not in the sense of depression that the animal feels as well, but rather in the sense that he looks negatively at his being, but rather at his entire way of existence, and he sees that it is not the reality that the animal feels. You should be on it. A person always judges himself, and when he judges himself in a rational and fair trial, he condemns himself and denounces himself, so he reaches the truth of his imperfection