A STUDY ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MOTIVATIONAL CLASSROOM STRATEGIES AS CONCEIVED BY SCIENCE TEACHERS AT SECONDARY LEVEL

The present study was conducted to investigate teachers’ use of classroom motivationalstrategies during their teaching to secondary school science classes. Motivationalstrategies are always helpful for the teachers in the classroom to achieve their goals. Themain objective of the study was to determine the motivational classroom strategies usedby secondary school science teachers during their science lessons. The study was limitedto collect data from secondary school science teachers who were teaching to grade 9thand 10th science students. The study was descriptive and a questionnaire comprising 25closed ended statements was developed on 5 point Likert type scale to collect the datafrom 256 secondary school science teachers teaching science subjects in secondaryschools of two districts of Multan division; Multan and district Vehari. The results ofpresent study showed that teacher motivation is related to teachers’ use of motivatingstrategies, which in turn are related to student motivation. It was also noticed thatEnglish medium school teachers use these strategies more frequently as compared toUrdu medium schools teachers. Gender wise analysis also revealed that male teachersare more frequent and enthusiastic to use motivational strategies in their scienceclassroom as compared to female science teachers

Presentation of a patient with palpable purpuric rash

Henoch Shonlein purpura (HSP) is a form of systemic vasculitis characterized by deposition of IgA dominant immune complexes in the small vessels. The triad of palpable purpuric rash on lower extremities, abdominal or renal involvement and arthritis is the typical presentation in this condition. The disease primarily affects children and is less common in adults. We report a case of a young female who presented with palpable purpura on legs, classical symptoms of HSP i.e. arthritis and off and on abdominal pain

Waldenstrom\u27s macroglobulinemia terminating in acute myeloid leukemia

Waldenstrom\u27s macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare condition, accounting for approximately 2% of haematologic malignancies. The most common causes of death in these patients are progression of the malignant lymphoproliferative process, infection and cardiac failure. Acute leukemia is a rare event in the clinical course of WM. A number of case reports have documented the development of terminal acute leukemia in patients with WM following prolonged chemotherapy

Acute transfusion reactions encountered in patients at a tertiary care center

Objective: To determine the frequency and type of Acute Transfusion Reactions (ATRs) occurring in inpatients, reported to the transfusion service at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This was a three years and seven months (from January 2005 till July 2008) retrospective review of all the transfusion reactions that were reported to the transfusion service at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. All the reactions were clinically evaluated by the blood bank physician. Transfusion reactions occurring during or within four hours after transfusion were evaluated and classified by standard and recognized definitions defined by American Association of Blood Banks. Results: The acute transfusion reactions (ATRs) reported during the study period were 212. However, out of these 212 ATRs, 182 ATRs were confirmed by blood bank physician, and included febrile non haemolytic reactions [89 (41.9%)], allergic reaction [73 (34.4%)], isolated hypotension [3 (1.4%)], haemolytic reaction [4 (1.8%)] and bacterial contamination [2 (0.9%)]. Eleven (5.1%) ATRs were unclassifiable and were thus labeled as non specific reaction.Conclusion: The frequency of transfusion reactions in our patients was found to be 0.082%. Febrile non haemolytic reaction was the most frequent transfusion reaction followed by allergic reaction. This may be an under reported figure. There is a need for establishing a haemovigilance system for critical analysis of blood transfusion event

A Study Of Attitude Of University Students Of M.A /M.Sc Towards Teaching Profession

This article is based on a part of study conducted in 2010. The major aim of study was to analyse the attitude of university students of M.A./M.Sc. towards teaching profession. For this purpose, all the students of Master level (1st and 2nd year) were included in the population. Out of the whole population of the students, ninety three (93) students were selected randomly by using simple random sampling technique. To gather data, questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire comprised twenty five (25) items including both, positive and negative statements. The questionnaire was analyzed on the basis of five point Likert scale.  For statistical analysis of data, the arithmetic mean, percentage and z-score were calculated. On the whole, it was found that the responses of the M.A./M.Sc students were varied. Female students had more positive attitude towards teaching profession than male students. The attitude of male and female students was found to be same towards university teaching

Effective Management and Its Impact on Growth of Small and Medium Sized Pakistani Firms

The study is held to observe the impact of Management including Management levels and decision making on the growth of small firms. Study area is Punjab (Pakistan). Small firms have no proper firm structure; they do not follow the formal rules to run the organization. Inspite of this, these firms are growing rapidly. If these firms have effective management levels and rational decision making than the firms will grow rapidly. The results show a significant increase in growth by using rational decision making and having effective management levels. Statistical results show that if we spend 1% on independent variable, then it shows an 80% increase in dependent variable. Keywords: Small firm; Management; Growth; Decision makin

Frequency of hereditary thrombophilia: an AKUH experience.

Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency of various causes of hereditary thrombophilia at a referral laboratory and the age and gender distribution. Methods: This is a descriptive study incorporating a retrospective analysis of requests for thrombophilia screening sent to Clinical laboratory, Aga Khan University Hospital from November 1995 to May 2002.Patients were screened for hereditary causes of thrombophilia including Protein C, Protein S, antithrombin III, Factor V Leiden and homocysteine. Frequency of each disorder; and age and sex distribution was determined. Results: All the patients suspected clinically for thrombophilia were screened. Of the 2825 patients, 70 were diagnosed to have inheritance as a cause of thrombophilia with a frequency of 2.3% for protein C deficiency, 1.4% for protein S deficiency, 1.5% for antithrombin III deficiency, 14.2% for factor V leiden mutation and 2.0% for homocystenemia. Conclusion: All the causes of hereditary thrombophilia can be diagnosed by relatively simple laboratory methods, however because of the low frequency of these disorders the screening of general population is not indicated in the absence of clinical symptoms. More prospective studies are required to define the occurrence of these disorders and other causes of thrombosis (JPMA 54:427;2004)

Frequency and clinical spectrum of rare inherited coagulopathies--a tricenter study

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of rare inherited coagulopathies at three centers of haematology in Karachi and to study the clinical spectrum and laboratory data of these coagulopathies. METHODS: This was a descriptive study conducted from September 2003 to December 2004 on subjects from Aga Khan University Hospital, Husaini Blood Bank and Fatimid Blood Transfusion Centre. All the subjects with bleeding tendency without any acquired causes of bleeding were selected for further investigation, and were asked relevant questions as present in the questionnaire. Screening tests including platelet count, PT, APTT and bleeding time were performed on all patients and subsequently, specific tests including factor assay, clot solubility test, platelet aggregation and vWFAg were performed. RESULTS: In total, 1100 patients were evaluated for bleeding tendency at the three centers and 65 patients were diagnosed to have inherited coagulopathy other than haemophilia A and B. Out of these 65 patients, 33 (50.7%) were males and 32 (49.2%) were females. Rare inherited coagulopathies that were found in our population included deficiency of factor VII {n = 21 (32.3%)}, factor X {n = 17 (26.1%)}, factor XIII {n =14 (21.5%)}, factor V {n = 9 (13.8%)}, fibrinogen {n = 2 (3%)}, prothrombin {n = 1 (1.5%)} and factor XII {n = 1 (1.5%)}. CONCLUSION: Inherited coagulopathies other than haemophilia A and B were noted in the study population