English for Academic Preparation Program: An Experiential Expedition

This case study delineated on such challenges faced whilst designing and teaching English for Academic Preparation Module to a multi-lingual beginner level English group of students at Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) covering various phases over this thrash about, firstly, the pedagogical underpinnings for the English Language course design and learning goals for the course were highlighted as interact effectively in myriad contexts and with many different speakers, learners needed to develop a repertoire of practical situation-dependent communicative choices. The paper used the reflective artifacts to review the paradigmatic issues in an English immersion program. It presented detailed considerations for teachers designing a communicative language course, documented the encountered problems, issues in restructuring the curricula and how the existing course changed through the thorough reflections and collaboration on the teaching practices, teachers’ perspectives and the needs of the learners. Corresponding teaching methods and class activities were also revisited. Keywords: Immersion, EAP, ESP, University Preparation, CLT, FCC

Student Learning and Retention Using a Flight Training Device: A Case Study

Student learning and retention as a function of the mode of teaching is analyzed in this study. Different groups of students receive information about aircraft flight operations either via lecture, through directed study, a combination of the two or through a pre-recorded flight demonstration video. Their level of learning is assessed by evaluating how well they fly an aircraft and perform a predefined mission using a flight simulator. Scores of different groups are compared qualitatively and quantitatively and students are surveyed after the flight. It is hypothesized that students that learn through watching a demonstration video and have the ability to review the demonstration multiple times perform better than all other groups. Additionally, students that have access to literature beforehand and receive a lecture prior to the flight perform better than those that only review the literature or only receive a lecture before the simulation. Also, the efficacy of the hands-on learning in a laboratory environment is discussed

Optimization of High-Bypass Turbofan High-Pressure Compressor Blade – A Case Study

This research determines the relationship between the High-Pressure Compressor (HPC) rotor blade design variables and compressor pressure ratio of a high bypass turbofan engine. Alterations in the HPC blades span, chord, taper, twist, number, and angle of incidence are performed and their effect on the HPC pressure ratio is observed. The objective is to determine key parameters that could maximize the performance of a high-pressure compressor for a given mission. Physics-based modeling, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and wind-tunnel testing are performed to compare and validate findings. Physics-based modeling is performed to serve as the benchmark for data obtained through other methods. CFD analysis replicates wind-tunnel testing within a computer setting. In this experiment, the first stage of the high-pressure compressor is designed and simulated. Upon the completion of these experiments, wind-tunnel testing is conducted to validate results. Data is compared in the form of graphs relating the stage pressure ratio of the HPC to the corresponding blade design variable. The objective of this study is to optimize the design of the HPC using the discovered design variables related to the maximum pressure ratios to maximize the engine performance. This will result in lower operating costs, longer range, and lower emissions. When implemented, the engine optimized for the specific mission could save the aircraft manufacturer and operators the initial and operating expenses. Additionally, solutions to the following questions are explored. Do the use of CAD (Computer Aided Design) and CFD models provide a feasible solution for gas turbine engine optimization? Do the results obtained from CFD analyses show the same level of improvement in engine performance as obtained by physics-based models? This study is a comparative analysis between the different blade design variables and will compare the level of accuracy between each experiment

Winglet Vortex Optimization

The objective of this research is to determine the effect on aerodynamic performance due to changes of winglet design variables of the Boeing 737-700 aircraft. The various winglet types studied in this research include the blended, canted, wingtip fence and split scimitar. The variables include height, sweep angle, taper ratio, and inclination angle. These variables are altered in 5% increments from -15% to +15% of their original baseline values. Each altered winglet design only changes one variable at a time while keeping all other variables constant. The altered models are compared to the original by finding the aerodynamic efficiency through Computational Fluid Dynamics in SolidWorks. For this study, aerodynamic efficiency is defined as lift to drag ratio generated by the isolated wing coupled with the corresponding winglet design. For empirical analysis, the optimized winglets are scaled down, 3D printed, and tested for their aerodynamic efficiency in the AEROLAB Educational Wind Tunnel. This study concludes that the blended winglet reaches peak aerodynamic efficiency with an increase to the sweep angle of +10% of the original baseline blended winglet value found on the B737-700 winglet. Additionally, aerodynamic efficiency of the canted winglet peaks at an inclination angle of 45 degrees. The wingtip fence winglet derived from the Airbus A320 performed the best at its baseline values. Lastly, the split scimitar winglet performs best with the lower member as the full cord length and scaled down to 50% of the top member. This study focuses on the relative changes of each winglet and its changes to aerodynamic efficiency

Blended Wing Body Propulsion System Design

This research paper focuses on the optimization of the propulsion system of a blended wing body design. Two different aspects of the design, the engine placement and count, and the engine itself, are investigated. The preliminary wing of the BWB is created through aerodynamic analysis, and is kept as a constant over the different propulsion system configurations. The engine parameters are first investigated. Equations are derived to express takeoff distance and climb rate as a function of engine sea level thrust, cruise thrust, and the number of engines. Nearly 150 different engine models, in BWB configurations of 2, 3, 4, and 8 engines, are analyzed from these equations. Engines that satisfy the constraints of less than 3000 meters takeoff run at sea level and climb rates comparable to those of a large modern airliner are then shortlisted, after which the engine with a proper balance of excess thrust and SFC is selected for each case. Six different BWB models are then created in CAD software. Mathematical computations are conducted on each of the models to find maximum takeoff weight, drag coefficient, empty weight, and more. A relative comparison of the lift to drag ratios of the models is also conducted in SolidWorks CFD. The results showed that the 8 engine aft BWB model had the highest lift to drag ratio, but had slightly higher empty weight than four of the designs and a lower maximum takeoff weight and specific fuel consumption than all others

Aerodynamic Optimization of Box Wing – A Case Study

The optimization of a possible medium range box wing commercial airliner is presented in three stages. Preliminary research is used to determine various parameters for a potential box wing model, and a baseline model is designed in Autodesk Inventor, based upon the cantilever Airbus A330-200, an aircraft of a similar role. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software used in this project is Dassault Systèmes SolidWorks, which is validated through comparing the NACA 0009 airfoil lift and drag polars with published results. The first stage of optimization is performed on the airfoil shape, with 8 different designs being tested against the cantilever model. The lift to drag ratios of each model are calculated at cruise conditions, Mach 0.85 and 11,000 meters altitude. The most efficient model with the highest lift to drag ratio is then taken to the second stage of optimization, winglet height, where 7 different winglet heights are tested on the model: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% of the span. The most efficient model out of the different winglet heights is then tested with 7 different aspect ratios: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%. The expectation of the three stages of optimization is to provide a box wing model that performs significantly better than the original base line model, and also has an improved lift to drag ratio when compared to the cantilever model

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORRUPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PAKISTAN — LOOKING BEYOUND THE INCUMBENT

Corruption has opaque significant consideration for researchers during the last few decades due to its effect on economic growth. This study examines the relationship between corruption and economic growth in Pakistan, covering the period from 1985 to 2010. Stationarity of the variables was checked through unit root test and then apply multiple regression technique. The results shows that government expenditures, education expenditures and population growth has a positive impact on per capita GDP, however, domestic investment and corruption has a negative impact on per capita income in Pakistan. It implies that corruption is a major factor impeding economic development. Corruption hampers economic growth, disproportionately burdens the poor and undermines the effectiveness of investment and aid

Broadening Perspectives and Possibilities: Learners’ Pathways to Digital Multimodal Composition (DMC) in ESL Context

In this paper, we delve into the experiences of 60 English as a Second Language (ESL) undergraduate learners who actively participated in distinct multimodal instructional units within their writing curriculum. Drawing upon a qualitative analysis encompassing design interviews, written reflections, and video observations, this research elucidates the principal themes that emerged from the learners' perspectives related to the potential of Digital Multimodal Composition (DMC) in the ESL context. These themes encompassed the exceptional opportunities afforded by this approach, which included the capacity to conceptualise ideas through the incorporation of visuals and auditory elements, the ability to communicate in novel and inventive manners, the platform it provided for the authentic expression of personal identities, and its effectiveness in the contextualising topic within their learning journey. Furthermore, this research highlights the primary challenges and constraints voiced by the learners, which encompassed a gamut of technical issues and the quest for the most suitable mode of expression within the multimodal framework. Leveraging these insights, the study culminates in a discussion of implications for both research and practice, particularly about the integration of digital multimodal composition in the multilingual classroom setting