Effect of COVID-19 on the Role of Renin Enzyme and ACE2 and Hormones in PCOS Females

متلازمة تكيس المبايض (PCOS) هي اكثر مشاكل الغدد الصماء شيوعًا لدى النساء في سن الانجاب. النساء المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض عادة ما تنتمي الى فئة  العمر والجنس المعرضة لخطر الإصابة بمرض فيروس كورونا الشديد (COVID-19). يستهدف COVID-19 الخلايا من خلال مستقبل الإنزيم المحول للأنجيوتنسين 2 (ACE2) الموجود على الخلايا في الأوردة والرئتين والقلب والجهاز الهضمي والكلى. تم وصف فرط نشاط نظام الرينين أنجيوتنسين (RAS) أيضًا في اضطرابات التمثيل الغذائي ، وداء السكري من النوع 2 (T2DM) ، وهي حالات مشتركة بين النساء المصابات بحالة تكيس المبايض . الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو معرفة وظيفة الرينين والإنزيم المحول للأنجيوتنسين 2 في متلازمة تكيس المبايض وفيروس كورونا وعلاقته بالهرمونات ومعايير التمثيل الغذائي الأخرى ذات الصلة. تتكون مجموعة الدراسة من 120 عينة تتكون من 80 امرأة مصابة بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض ، حيث تم تقسيمهن إلى مجموعتين  40 امرأة مصابة بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض و مصابة بـ COVID-19 و 40 امرأة مصابة بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض و غير مصابة بـ COVID-19) و 40 امرأة بصحة جيدة مقسمة إلى مجموعتان: - 20 امرأة مصابة بـ COVID-19 ، و 20 امرأة غير مصابة بـ COVID-19) ، تتراوح أعمارهم بين 15-40 سنة. الرينين و ACE2، FBS ، ملف الدهون ، الأنسولين ، HOMA IR ، FSH ، LH ، و التستوستيرون تم قياسها لجميع المشاركين . كانت هناك زيادة في مستوى الرينين ، الإنزيم المحول للأنجيوتنسين 2 ، ومستوى الأنسولين ،  HOMA-IR ، LH ، ونسبة LH / FSH ، ومستويات هرمون التستوستيرون ، باستثناء HDL و FSH كانت منخفضة عند المقارنة بين مرضى متلازمة تكيس المبايض مع مجاميع الاصحاء. هناك انخفاض في الرينين و ACE2 في النساء المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض ومصابة بعدوى كوفيد-  19بالمقارنة مع النساء المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايضوغير مصابات بعدوى كوفيد-19. دخول covid-19 إلى الجسم و انخفاض مستويات ACE2 يؤدي إلى تلف الجهاز التنفسي ومشكلة في الإنجاب لدى النساء المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض. أيضًا ، في نفس الوقت ، فإن ارتفاع مستوى ACE2 في مريضات متلازمة تكيس المبايض يجعلهن أكثر عرضة لخطر الاصابة بفيروس كورونا وليس متورطًا في التسبب بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض ، ومع ذلك قد يتأثر إنزيم الرينين بمؤشر كتلة الجسم المرتبط بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most endocrine problem in women of regenerative age. PCOS women typically belong to an age and sex group which is at higher risk for severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 targets cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor presents on cells in veins, lungs, heart, digestion tracts, and kidneys. Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) over activity has likewise been described in metabolic disorders; type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and conditions shared by women with polycystic ovary condition. The point of this study is to know the job of renin and ACE2 in PCOS and coronavirus and its relationship with hormones and other metabolic parameters related. The study groups consist of 120 sample subjects consisting of 80 PCOS-women divided into two groups: - (40 PCOS-women infected with COVID-19 and 40 PCOS-women non-infected with COVID-19) and 40 healthy-women divided into two groups: - 20 women-COVID-19 infected, and 20 women non-COVID-19 infected, ranging in age from 15–40 years old.  Renin and ACE2, FBS, lipid profile, level of insulin, HOMA IR, FSH, LH, and testosterone, were measured for all participants. There was an increase in the levels of renin, ACE2, insulin, HOMA-IR, LH, LH / FSH ratio, and testosterone, except HDL and FSH were low when comparing PCOS patients groups with healthy groups. There was a decrease in renin and ACE2 in PCOS women infected with COVID-19 compared with PCOS women non-infection with COVID-19. Infection of COVID-19 and low ACE2 levels lead to respiratory damage and problem in reproductive in PCOS patients. Also, at the same time ACE2 high level in PCOS makes them more risk for coronavirus and is not involved in the cause of PCOS, however renin enzyme may be affected by BMI associated with PCOS

Assessment of Pro Hepcidin and Related with Iron Profile on Hemodialysis Men Patients

Patients with renal failure in the final stages undergo the treatment by hemodialysis. Hemodialysis is used to reinstate the intracellular and extracellular fluid environment, by propagation of molecules in solution through a semipermeable membrane along an electrochemical concentration gradient. Blood catching in the dialysis machine and the recurrent phlebotomy may lead to losing about 1-3 g of iron per year. Prohepcidin hormone is an acute phase protein (type II) that plays a major role in the systemic iron irregularities as it is a mediator of anemia in inflammation and regulator of iron metabolism. This study aims to evaluate the effect of hemodialysis on iron hemostasis and its relationship with prohepcidin as an inflammatory marker. This study includes forty four adult male patients with end-stage renal failure (in pre and post –treated) by means of chronic hemodialysis-HD with mean age (53.27 ± 13.76 years). The following biochemical investigations have been studied: Prohepcidin, Iron, Ferritin, Transferrin, Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC), The Unsaturated Total Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC), and transferrin saturation (TAST).Decrement of Prohepcidin level on hemodialysis patients in post dialysis with non-significantly compared to pre dialysis, while iron and ferritin was increment in post treated than pre- treated with non-significantly.Hemodialysis affects Prohepcidin levels as it was long duration and Glomerular Filtration rate GFR (cock croft equation) and prohepcidin level affect the iron profile related with the iron store depletion

The Influence of Obesity and IL-6 on Infertile Iraqi Women with COVID-19 Complications

      العقم هو أحد أنواع الأمراض التي تحدث في الجهاز التناسلي، السمنة هي حالة يمكن أن تحدث بسبب الدهون الزائدة . ينتج عن نشوء السمنة تغير في الأنسجة الدهنية والتهاب مزمن واضطرابات في الغدد الصماء والجهاز التناسلي للمرأة ، وزيادة الإصابة بفيروس كوفيد -19. هدفت الدراسة إلى استقصاء تأثير السمنة والدهون والانترلوكين - 6 على عدم انتظام الهرمونات لدى النساء المصابات بالعقم  ومضاعفات الكوفيد – ١٩. تضمنت الدراسة الحالية 70 عينة: 50 امرأة مصابة بالعقم و 20 امرأة صحية كمجموعة سيطرة ، اختيرت  أعمار كل من المرضى والأشخاص الأصحاء ضمن المدى 18-34 سنة.  وقيست مستويات FBS و LH و FSH وهرمون التستوستيرون والدهون بالإضافة إلى حساب مؤشر كتلة الجسم. أظهرت النتيجة زيادة معنوية في مستوى الدهون  لكن ليس HDL الذي اظهرانخفاضًا كبيرًا في مستواه (P = 0.001) في مجموعة المرضى مقارنة بمجموعة التحكم. كما أظهرت النتائج زيادة معنوية عالية(p≤0.05) في نسبة   LH / FSH   باستثناء FSH الذي أظهر انخفاضًا كبيرًا (p≤0.05) ، كما أظهرت النتائج أن قيم IL-6 هي ( 7.46 ± 1.90 نانوغرام / مل) ومؤشر كتلة الجسم (30.10 ± 6.17 كغم / م 2) في مجموعة المرضى كانت أعلى (قيمة P = 0.001) من قيمهم في المجموعة الضابطة (3.13 ± 0.79) ، (22.09 ± 2.63 كغم / م 2) ، على التوالي. الاستنتاج: إن السمنة وعدوى فيروس كورونا تؤثر سلبًا على الإباضة لدى النساء المصابات بالعقم لما له من تأثير على هرمونات الغدة النخامية ، بالإضافة إلى التسبب في التهابات مزمنة تؤدي إلى زيادة مستوى الإنترلوكين - 6 مما يؤدي إلى زيادة اضطرابات الغدة النخامية وصعوبة علاج العقم وزيادة مضاعفات كورونا.Infertility is one of the types of diseases that occur in the reproductive system. Obesity is a state that can be occurred due to excessive fats, the progression in obesity stage results in a change in adipose tissue and the development of chronic inflammation, endocrine glands disorders and women’s reproductive system, and also increase the infection with covid-19. The study aimed to investigate the effect of the obesity, lipid-profile, and IL-6 on hormones-dysregulation in infertile-women with COVID-19 complications. The current study included 70 samples: 50 infertility-women-with-covid-19-infected, 20 healthy-women/control, the ages of both patients and healthy subjects were selected within the range 18-34 years. Levels of FBS, LH, FSH, and testosterone and lipid profile were measured in addition to calculating BMI. The result showed a significant increase in lipid profile but no HDL that revealed a considerable decline in its level (P=0.001) in patients group relative to control group. Also, the results showed highly increase in LH and LH/FSH-ratio (p≤0.05(but no FSH that revealed a considerable decline in its level (p≤0.05). The results also showed that the values of IL-6 (7.46±1.90 ng/ml) and BMI (30.10 ±6.17 kg/m2) in the patients group were significantly higher (P-value=0.001) than their values in the control group (3.13±0.79), (22.09±2.63 kg/m2), respectively. Conclusion: Obesity and Corona-virus-infection negatively affect ovulation in infertile-women due to their effect on the pituitary-gland-hormones, in addition to causing chronic-infections that lead to an increase in the level of interleukin-6, which increases of pituitary gland disorder and the difficulty of treating infertility and increasing of corona complications

Assessing the Activity of Renin and GST in the Serum of Ladies Suffering from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and COVID-19 to Predict the Danger of Cardiac Disease

The coronavirus-pandemic has a major impact on women's-mental and physical-health. Polycystic-ovary-syndrome (PCOS) has a high-predisposition to many cardiometabolic-risk factors that increase susceptibility to severe complications of COVID-19 and also exhibit an increased likelihood of subfertility. The study includes the extent of the effect of COVID-19-virus on renin-levels, glutathione-s-transferase-activity and other biochemical parameters in PCOS-women. The study included 120 samples of ladies that involved: 80 PCOS-patients, and 40 healthy-ladies. Both main groups were divided into subgroups based on COVID-19 infected or not. Blood-samples were collected from PCOS-patients in Kamal-Al-Samara Hospital, at the period between December until June. Some biochemical parameters were measured for all study-groups, which included: determination of serum renin levels by using the ELISA-technique, GST-activity, lipid-profile.  FBS was assessed manually, and hormones were assessed using VIDAS-analyzer-hormones. The result showed a possible relationship between FBS-levels and renin in PCOS-ladies (Stein-Leventhal-Syndrome), while GST-activity were inversely associated with BMI in PCOS-ladies. Also, it was found that the renin-levels were higher in PCOS-patients groups compared with healthy-groups. On the other hand, the renin levels and Glutathione-S-Transferase-activity were lower in PCOS-patients-infected-with-COVID-19 than female-patients-without-COVID-19. The statistical-data-displayed that the level of renin is associated negatively with glutathione-s-transferase-activity in PCOS-cases. Renin level was higher in PCOS-ladies, this may lead to increase renal-dysfunction and risk of cardiovascular-disease that may be expected in patients. A decrease in the antioxidant-capacity may be because the high number of free-radicals that enter the body by the virus and high levels of renin which lead to a higher risk of PCOS-complication like cardiovascular-disease

A Study of Apelin-36 and GST Levels with Their Relationship to Lipid and Other Biochemical Parameters in the Prediction of Heart Diseases in PCOS Women Patients

 هذا العمل يتضمن دراسة دورالأبلين-36 وفعالية انزيم الكلوتاثيون وعلاقتها بالهرمونات والعوامل ذات الصلة بالتمثيل الغذائي, وارتباطها بخطرالاصابة بأمراض القلب الوعائيه في النساء الأصحاء والنساء المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض. اشتملت الدراسة على 54 مصابة بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض و31 امراة بصحة جيدة (المجموعة الضابطة). مرضى PCOS تم تقسيمهم حسب مؤشر كتلة الجسم BMI الى مجموعتين (المجموعة الاولى يعانون من السمنة المفرطة BMI≥30والمجموعة الثانية لايعانون من السمنة .(BMI≤30 AP-36, GST-activity, Fasting-insulin, HOMA-IR, Testosterone, LH, FSH, Lipid-profile تم قياس المتغيرات التالية لجميع المجاميع. أظهرت السيدات المصابات بمرض تكيس المبايض ارتفاع في تركيز مصل Apelin-36 أعلى من السيدات الأصحاء (160.43±20.81 (pg/ml) مقابل 85.49±17.85 (pg/ml) ، P=0.008) ، بينما كان فعالية انزيم GST منخفضا في المرضى ومرتفعا في الأصحاء (7.99± 1.19 (IU/L) مقابل 12.96±1.90 (IU/L), P=0.022). ترتبط مستويات APLEN-36 ارتباطًا مباشرًا بمؤشر كتلة الجسم و VLDL في المرضى ، لكن مستويات فعالية انزيم GST مرتبطة عكسيا مع (BMI) في المرضى. علاوة على ذلك ، وجد ان هنالك زيادة في مستويات AP-36 في مرضى PCOS البدناء أكثر من مرضى PCOS غير البدناء (185.76± 92.0  (pg/ml) مقابل 123.59± 27.65 (pg/ml) ، P=0.127) ، في حين وجد أن نشاط أنزيم GST كان منخفضا في مرضى PCOS البدناء اكثر من مرضى PCO  غير البدناء (6.99 ± 1.4 (IU/L) مقابل 9.44 ± 2.0 (IU/L) ، P=0.102). يتضح من المعلومات التالية بأن مستوى AP-36  يرتبط عكسيا بفعالية أنزيم GST في مرضى تكيس المبايض. AP-36 لايرتبط مباشرةً في التسبب في اضطراب PCO ، ومع ذلك فقد يتم إدراجه باعتباره مادة دهنية تتأثر بمؤشر كتلة الجسم. أن زيادة المواد المؤكسدة بسبب زيادة مستوى VLDL وانخفاض فعالية إنزيمات مضادات الأكسدة قد تكون استجابة للمستويات العالية للأجهاد التأكسدي. ان انخفاض قدرة مضادة الأكسدة و زيادة تركيز AP-36 قد يؤدي الى توسع خطر الإصابة بأمراض القلب الوعائيه لدى السيدات المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض ، بالأضافة إلى عوامل الخطر ، مثلا:- مقاومة الأنسولين، ارتفاع ضغط الدم، السمنة المفرطة، ارتفاع مستوى الدهون.This work studies the role of serum apelin-36 and Glutathione S-transferases (GST) activity in association with the hormonal, metabolic profiles and their link to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in healthy and patients' ladies with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A total of fifty-four (PCOS) patients and thirty-one healthy woman as a control have been studied. The PCOS patients were subdivided on the basis of body-mass-index (BMI), into 2-subgroups (the first group was obese-PCOS with BMI ≥ 30 and the second group was non-obese PCOS MBI<30). Fasting-insulin-levels and Lipid-profile, Homeostatic-model assessment-of-insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR), follicle-stimulating-hormone (FSH), luteinizing-hormone (LH), testosterone and serum Apelin-36 (AP-36) levels, GST-Activity were done for all groups. PCO patients showed higher concentricity of apelin-36 than healthy (160.43 ±20.81 (pg/ml) versus 85.49 ± 17.85 (pg/ml), P=0.008),while GST-activity decreased in PCOS patients and was higher in the control (7.99 ± 1.19(IU/L)versus 12.96 ±1.90(IU/L)respectively,with a P-value=0.022). Apelin-36 levels are directly interrelated with BMI and Very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) in PCOS patients, but GST-activity levels correlated significantly negatively with (BMI) in PCOS patients. Moreover, obese-PCOS patients show increased AP-36 levels more than non-obese PCOS (185.76± 92.0(pg/ml) versus 123.59±27.65 (pg/ml), P=0.127) respectively, whilst the GST-activity was exhibited to be lower in obese-PCO patients more than in non-obese PCOS (6.99 ± 1.4(IU/L) versus 9.44 ± 2.0(IU/L), P=0.102). The data showed that AP-36 level is negatively associated with GST-activity in PCOS patients. AP-36 isn't legitimately ensured in the pathogenesis of PCO disorder, yet it may be included as an adipokine that is influenced by BMI. The oxidants increased because of the highly levels of VLDL and the lower in the activities of antioxidant, that may be a response to higher levels of oxidative stress. A decrease in the antioxidant capacity and an increase in AP-36 levels leads to an increased the risk of cardiovascular disease in PCOS patients

In Vitro Cytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Origanum Marjoram on AMN-3 Cell Line

The genus Origanum consist of different aromatic and medicinal plants some of which are used in folk medicine and as food additives since ancient time. This study amid to evaluate the potential anticancer activity of Origanum majorana (marjoram) (O. marjorana) on the cancer cell lines AMN-3. This study shows that O.marjorana aqueous extract has anticancer potential and can be explored futher for active component isolation, identifaction  and characterization. Keywords: Origanum marjorana, Anticancer, Cytotoxic

Adiponectin , ?-Cell Dysfunction in Iraqi Women with Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication of gestation that is characterized by impaired glucose tolerance with first recognition during gestation. It develops when ?- cell of pancreas fail to compensate the diminished insulin sensitivity during gestation. This study aims to investigate the relationship between mother adiponectin level and ?- cell dysfunction with development gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other parameters in the last trimester of pregnancy. This study includes (80) subjects ( pregnant women) in the third trimester of pregnancy, (40) healthy pregnant individuals as control group aged between (17 - 42) years and (40) gestational diabetes mellitus patients with aged between (20 - 42) years. The following biochemical investigation is studied: oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), adiponectin , insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP),body mass index (BMI), and homeostasis model assessment- insulin resistance (HOMA – IR). The adiponectin levels are significantly lesser in females who develop GDM than the control group (P?0.01), while the insulin and OGTT concentrations were significantly higher in females with GDM than control group (P?0.01).The concentrations of CRP are non significantly different between the females who develop GDM and the control group.Conclusions: Lower adiponectin concentrations are associated with an increased risk of the development of gestational diabetes mellitus and females, who develop gestational diabetes mellitus, have higher levels of insulin resistance from normal females, Obesity is a shape of persistent low grade inflammation which causes elevated concentrations of C- reactive protein

Study the Changes of Thyroid Hormones Levels Following Major Urological Surgery

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of major surgery on thyroid hormones and thyrotropin in patient undergoing major lower abdominal surgery. The study included fifty patients scheduled for elective major lower abdominal surgery, the serum levels of T3, T4 and TSH were determined one day preoperatively, intraoperative, one day postoperatively, two days postoperatively, and rT3 was determined one day preoperatively, and one day postoperatively. We observed that the levels of (T3, T4, TSH) increased significantly (P0.05). rT3 increased not significant (P>0.05) in one day postoperatively. It has been proposed these changes due to surgical stress that inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 by inhibiting peripheral 5'-deiodinase activity, also The absence of pituitary response to changes in serum levels of T3 and T4.According to the results of this study there is a transient abnormality in thyroid function tests in patient undergoing elective major surgery and this abnormality due to surgical stress

The Role of Serum Chitinase-3-Like 1 Protein (YKL-40) Level and its Correlation with Proinflammatory Cytokine in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

بروتين-1 شبيه الكيتيناز-3 (YKL-40) هو بروتين سكري ينتج بشكل أساسي في المفصل الملتهب ويلعب دورًا مهمًا في العمليات الالتهابية. الهدف من البحث هو دراسة دور YKL-40 كمعلم حيوي لالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي (RA) مقارنة بالواسمات المسببة للالتهابات ونشاط المرض. شملت الدراسة 58 مريضا و18 شخص سليم كمجموعة تحكم. تم قياس درجة نشاط المرض (DAS-28) ومؤشر نشاط المرض السريري (CDAI). مستوى مصل YKL-40، عامل نخر الورم-الفا (TNF-α)، إنترلوكين-1بيتا (IL-1β)، سرعة ترسب الدم (ESR)، عامل الروماتويد (RF)، البروتين المتفاعل C (CRP)، وتم تقييم الأجسام المضادة للبروتين السيتروليني (ACPA). أظهرت النتيجة أن متوسط ​​مستوى YKL-40 في المصل كان 5.42 نانوغرام / مل، ومستوى TNF-a كان 123.6  نانوغرام / مل، ومستوى IL-1B  204.365  بيكوغرام / ديسيلتر أعلى بشكل ملحوظ في المرضى مقارنة بمجموعة التحكم 3.28 نانوغرام / مل ، 56.47  نانوغرام / مل و 67.887 بيكوغرام / ديسيلتر على التوالي. لم يكن هناك ارتباط بين YKL-40 في المصل ونشاط المرض، بالرغم من وجود ارتباطات مع TNF-α   وIL-1β.  كما اظهر تحليل خصائص المستقبل التشغيلية باحتلال YKL-40 مساحة تحت المنحنى قدرها 0.769 في مرضى RA. يشير YKL-40 إلى مستويات جيدة لتنبؤ RA عند 2.47 نانوغرام / مل، والحساسية 87.9٪، والنوعية 58.6٪، والدقة 78.1٪، وPPV 80.9٪، وNPV  70,8٪. في الختام، تم العثور على مستوى أعلى من مصل YKL-40 في مرضى RA. أشارت نتائج دراستنا إلى وجود ارتباط قوي بين YKL-40 والعلامات الحيوية المسببة للالتهابات. نتيجة لذلك، قد تلعب هذه المؤشرات الحيوية معًا دورًا في التسبب في مرض التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي ، ويمكن استخدام YKL-40 كمؤشر بيولوجي تشخيصي محتمل لـ التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي.Chitinase-3-like 1 protein (YKL-40) is a glycoprotein primarily produced in the arthritic joint and plays a crucial role in inflammatory processes. The aim of the study is to establish the role of YKL-40 as a biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to proinflammatory biomarkers and disease activity. The study included 58 patients and 18 control. Diseases activity score (DAS-28) and clinical disease activity index (CDAI) were measured. Serum level of YKL-40, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1B (IL-1β), erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) were assessed. The results showed that the median serum YKL-40 level which was 5.42  ng/ml, the TNF-a level which was 123.6 ng/ml, and the IL-1B level which was 204.365 pg/dl were significantly higher in patients compared to control 3.28 (1.58–4.99) ng/ml, 56.47 (9.38–77.01) ng/ml and 67.887 (15.493–122.689)pg/dl respectively. There was no correlation between serum YKL-40 and disease activity, while there were significant associations observed with TNF-α (r=0.5,p =0.0001) and IL-1β (r=0.41, p=0.001). YKL-40 indicating good levels of RA prediction at 2.47 ng/ml, sensitivity 87.9%, specificity 58.6%, accuracy 78.1%, PPV 80.9%, and NPV 70.8%. In conclusion, a higher level of serum YKL-40 is found in RA patients. The findings from our study suggest a strong association between YKL-40 and the proinflammatory biomarkers. As a result, these biomarkers together might play a role in RA pathogenesis, and YKL-40 may be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for RA

Estimation of Testosterone, Estradiol and some Markers in Sera of Iraqi Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common disease and major cause of morbidity in elderly men which may lead to bladder outflow obstruction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Although sex steroid hormones play fundamental roles in prostate growth, their clinical significance is not completely clear. In the present study we assessed whether serum hormones levels as markers of prostate disease. This study includes (40) patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and (40) control group with age rang (41-79) and (42-71) years respectively. The following biochemical investigations have been studied: Testosterone, Estradiol (E2), and Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) levels using ELISA method which correlated with the disease. Also body mass index (BMI), the prostate size by digital rectal examination (DRE), flow rate, and American Urology Association Symptoms Index (AUASI), of the patients which correlate hormones levels with age. The testosterone concentrations were significantly lower in patients with BPH than control group (p?0.05), while the Estradiol and PSA concentrations were significantly higher in patients with BPH than control group (p?0.05). The net result is a significant decrease in the T/E2 ratio allowing the imbalance between androgens and estrogen regulation of prostate growth to shift towards estrogen dominance. It has been proposed that increased estrogenic stimulation of the prostate in the aging male may lead to reactivation of growth and subsequent hyperplasia transformatio