Risks of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses Attracting to Government and Municipal Procurement and Economic Growth

One of the strategic goals in the Russian Federation is to relieve social tension by increasing the number of people employed in the segment of small and medium enterprises (hereinafter - SMEs) up to 25 million people by 2024. In order to stimulate the development of this segment, the Government of the Russian Federation sets the task of expanding the access for SMEs to the procurement system. That’s why the analysis of the existing mechanism for attracting SMEs to procurement is of interest. The primary purpose of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of SME involvement in procurement within the framework of two main laws operating in the sphere of procurement activity and problems arising in the procurement’s organization and economic growth. The practice of procurement activity is accompanied by the emergence of risks that affect the procurement result. These risks are inherent both to customers and suppliers of procurement activities. In the article risks are classified by stages of procurement activity. In particular, risks of poor-quality performance of the contract arise long before the stage of its conclusion. In the conclusion, recommendations are made which can be directed to solving the issues of SMEs access to procurement

Study of hydrodynamics in counterflow cooling tower with corrugated contact elements

Packing for liquid cooling with counter flow of liquid and gas phases had developed by authors of paper. This packing is different from other devices in that it has quite simple design where self distribution of liquid in apparatus working area is organized. In paper an estimating calculations of packing operating mode with maximum efficiency of performed heat and mass transfer processes had conducted. The performed numerical study is showing that at mean gas velocity up to 4 m/s, contact device width equal to 0.1 m and liquid column height on contact stage – 0.02 m the share of liquid that forced through by gas flow is not more then 2 %. Decreasing of holes diameter on inclined contact elements results in increasing of bubbled liquid share.The reported study was funded by grant of the President of the Russian Federation, project number MK-417.2019.8

Risks of small and medium-sized businesses attracting to government and municipal procurement and economic growth

© 2020 Khayrullova et al.; Licensee Lifescience Global. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. One of the strategic goals in the Russian Federation is to relieve social tension by increasing the number of people employed in the segment of small and medium enterprises (hereinafter - SMEs) up to 25 million people by 2024. In order to stimulate the development of this segment, the Government of the Russian Federation sets the task of expanding the access for SMEs to the procurement system. That's why the analysis of the existing mechanism for attracting SMEs to procurement is of interest. The primary purpose of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of SME involvement in procurement within the framework of two main laws operating in the sphere of procurement activity and problems arising in the procurement's organization and economic growth. The practice of procurement activity is accompanied by the emergence of risks that affect the procurement result. These risks are inherent both to customers and suppliers of procurement activities. In the article risks are classified by stages of procurement activity. In particular, risks of poor-quality performance of the contract arise long before the stage of its conclusion. In the conclusion, recommendations are made which can be directed to solving the issues of SMEs access to procurement

The assessment of bone strength based on the results of ultrasound densitometry in infants born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) weighing less than 1500 g

D.R. Merzlyakova1,2, N.R. Hafizova1, G.A. Vakhitova1, Z.A. Shangareeva1, G.G. Gilyazova2, A.I. Nazarova1 1Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation 2Republican Children's Clinical Hospital, Ufa, Russian Federation Aim: to assess the status of bone mineral density (BMD) using the ultrasound densitometry as a screening technique in premature in vitro fertilization (IVF) and non-IVF infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth. Patients and Methods: the study included 189 premature babies who stayed in the department for newborns and premature infants with health problems. The infants were divided into two groups, depending on the IVF use: born through the IVF or conceived naturally. Each of the groups was divided into two subgroups based on the infant weight at birth: subgroups A consisted of very low birth weight (VLBW) babies and subgroups B consisted of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) babies. The first group (n=101) consisted of IVF-infants, 52 and 49 of them were included in subgroups 1A and 1B, respectively. The second group (comparison, n=88) consisted of the naturally conceived infants, 46 and 42 of them were included in subgroups 2A and 2B, respectively. BMD was measured using the ultrasound densitometry method. The evaluated parameters comprised the speed of sound (SOS) and Z-score, representing the difference in BMD between the studied infants and the mean BMD of other children of the same age and gender (standard deviation (SD) for the tibia). Z-score &lt;-1 SD (SOS &lt;10‰ and &gt;3‰) was associated with a low bone density and Z-score &lt;-2 SD (SOS &lt;3‰) – with a clinically significant low bone density. Results: the normal values of bone density were found in 39 (38.6%) infants of group 1 and 58 (65.9%) infants of group 2 (p&gt;0.05). In the group 1 infants a decrease in bone density was found more frequently than in the group 2 infants: 49 (48.5%) and 21 (23.8%), respectively, p&lt;0.05, and the difference was statistically significant (&lt;-1SD). A clinically significant low bone density (SOS &lt;3‰) found in 13 (12.8%) IVF-babies. The extremely low birth weight (ELBW) in IVF-babies is a risk factor for osteopenia and osteoporosis. Conclusion: a significant decrease in the bone density values (SOS &lt;10‰ and &gt;3‰) was found in IVF-infants as compared to those in naturally conceived infants. A clinically significant decrease in bone density in premature IVF-infants with ELBW was reported in 12.8% of cases. The early diagnosis of osteopenia can be established by using a safe technique — the ultrasound densitometry. Keywords: bone mineral density, densitometry, in vitro fertilization, IVF, premature babies, osteopenia, bone tissue, screening, very low birth weight, extremely low birth weight. For citation: Merzlyakova D.R., Hafizova N.R., Vakhitova G.A. et al. The assessment of bone strength based on the results of ultrasound densitometry in infants born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) weighing less than 1500 g. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2023;6(1):34–38 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2023-6-1-34-38. </p