EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM, EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA, AND ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS ORALIS

Objective: Streptococcus oralis plays an important role in the biofilm formation of dental plaque and the occurrence of periodontal disease. Thepresent study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of three essential oils, namely, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Eugenia caryophyllata,and Rosmarinus officinalis against S. oralis.Methods: The antibacterial activity of essential oils was investigated by diffusion method using sterile discs (or aromatograms). The minimuminhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oils showing important antibacterial activity was measured using the broth dilution method.Results: Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of three essential oils as determined by the aromatogram technique showed that the essential oilof R. officinalis had no effect on S. oralis, while the latter was extremely sensitive to the other two essential oils, but with a higher efficiency of theessential oil of C. zeylanicum (42 mm diameter) than E. caryophyllata (20 mm diameter). Similarly, the MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) were higher for the essential oil of C. zeylanicum than the essential oil of E. caryophyllata. The MBC/MIC ratio is of the order of 2. The essentialoils studied therefore appear to exert bactericidal activity against S. oralis.Conclusion: The findings suggest that essential oils of C. zeylanicum and E. caryophyllata may be used as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics.Â

STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES L. AND ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.

Objective: This work looks at the valuation of two medicinal plants growing wild in the region of Gharb (Chenopodium ambrosioides L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L.) through the study of their antibacterial and antifungal effects vis-à-vis Xanthomonas fragariae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and two fungal strains; Fusarium solani and Botrytis cinerea. Methods: The extraction of essential oils from each plant was carried out by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The antibacterial and antifungal tests of essential oils are carried out according to the method of diffusion using sterile discs (or aromatograms). Results are expressed in inhibition areas. Results: Antibacterial activity of essential oil of R. officinalis L. is best compared to that of C. ambrosioides L. with an area of inhibition that is shared by 1661.06 and 1384.74, respectively, for bacteria X. fragariae and P. aeruginosa, while this area is between 2122.64 and 2826 mm2 for F. solani and B. cinerea. Moreover, the essential oils of these two plants by the method of disk diffusion feature a very significant inhibitory effect on X. fragariae and P. aeruginosa, whereas they have no effect on S. aureus. Conclusion: The essential oils of C. ambrosioides L. and R. officinalis L. could be used as preservatives in food, to protect them from microbial or fungal spoilage

MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ORAL FLORA IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH GINGIVITIS

Objective: Given the importance of the association between diabetes and periodontal disease, the main objective of the present study was to compare the microbial diversity responsible for gingivitis in patients with and without type 2 diabetes.Methods: Samples were collected from the oral cavity of 134 patients with gingivitis and categorised into 3 groups (68 non-diabetic patients and 66 diabetic patients; 33 with controlled diabetes and 33 with poorly controlled diabetes). Sample culture was carried out on selective culture media. The identification of isolated strains involved a series of biochemical tests including miniature galleries (API 20E and 20 Strep), the traditional biochemical gallery (tubes) and automated bacterial identification (BD Phoenixâ„¢).Results: Identification by biochemical methods made it possible to differentiate 14 bacterial species and one yeast. There was greater bacterial diversity in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients. Periodontal pathogens were isolated from both diabetic and non-diabetic populations; however, certain microbes such as Streptococcus acidominimus, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were present only in diabetics, with a much higher percentage in those with poorly controlled diabetes.Conclusion: Poorly controlled diabetes causes metabolic dysregulation that can increase the severity of periodontal disease

Antimicrobial Effect of Citric, Acetic, Lactic Acids and Sodium Nitrite against Escherichia Coli in Tryptic Soy Broth

Antimicrobial effect of organic acids against E. coli (EC1 and EC2) was studied in  tryptic soy broth (pH 5) adjusted to various concentrations 1, 2, 3, 4 or 6% of the citric,  acetic and lactic acid then incubated at 5, 20 and 37ºC during 96 hours. In the second study, the effect of sodium nitrite on the survival of E. coli cells was investigated at pHs (4.5 and 6).   ¶¶In the majority of the cases, the order of effectiveness of the organic acids was: citric >acetic > lactic¶.¶ At low temperature, 1 to 6% of lactic and acetic acid does not seem sufficient concentrations to influence cellular viability significantly. ¶ In contrast, addition of citric acid (3%) to TSB medium reduced E. coli from approximately 6.3 log CFU/ml to an undetectable number. Furthermore, antimicrobial effect of all organic acids increased with increasing the temperature of incubation. This study has confirmed that the lethal effect of sodium nitrite was much enhanced by low pH. Thus, the most bactericidal effect was obtained at pH = 4.5 and the concentrations NaNO2 (0.4 or 0.6). Key words: Escherichia coli, Antimicrobial effect, citric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, sodium nitrite

Assessment of microbiological indoor air quality in a public hospital in the city of Agadir, Morocco

Background and Purpose: Air is the greatest dissemination agency of pathogenic microbes, which cause significant problem in the indoor hospital environment, in particularly in terms of nosocomial infections. In this context, it is important to know the types of microorganisms present in suspension in an air sample to assess the initial situation and the effectiveness of corrective measures.             Materials and Methods: This study aimed to assessment of microbiological indoor air quality in a three hospital units: central resuscitation, neonatal resuscitation and operating room, using a passive sampling method.             Results: Findings of this study indicated that the central resuscitation recorded the highest bacterial counts population 3.33 102 CFU/m3. Total viable count of fungal was recorded high in neonatal resuscitation. This research showed that Staphylococcus non aureus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most predominant among isolated bacteria. The percentage was 70% -21% in central resuscitation and 79%-13% in operating room. In neonatal resuscitation Staphylococcus non aureus represent (29%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (19%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17%) and Pasteurella pneumotropica (16%). Thus, the fungal genera identified in operating room were Penicillium 61%, Aspergillus niger (20%) and Candida glabrata (19%). In neonatal resuscitation, we found Penicillium 51%, Candida glabrata 25% and Aspergillus niger 20%. In central resuscitation, the most predominant fungi were Cladosporium (30%), Penicillium (28%) and Candida glabrata (13%).              Conclusions: Microorganisms isolated from indoor air constitute microbial reservoirs that may present a risk of infection for both patients and staff. In this light microbiological monitoring of the environment in health facilities is a topic that is part of the news of the prevention of nosocomial infections

Common infections acquired in intensive care: Microbiological aspects and risk factors

Nosocomial infections are a serious health problem resulting in an enormous burden of morbidity and mortality rates, and high health care costs. The various microorganisms implicated in nosocomial infections were not known for causing recalcitrant nosocomial infections, they are opportunistic pathogens and hence pose a challenge to patients especially those with immunocompromised conditions. Patients at the intensive care unit are the most at risk of these hospital-acquired infections The infections usually encountered in intensive care unit (ICU) include urinary tract infection, pneumonia, tuberculosis, gastroenteritis. The main risk factors for these infections can be divided into three key groups: those related to patient characteristics and underlying diseases, those related to the acute disease process, and those related to the use of invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Incidence of ICU-acquired infections vary between hospitals and according to the type of population studied, being highest in burn units and surgical and trauma ICUs and lowest in coronary care units.The major preventive effort to reducing the risk of nosocomial infections should be focused on hospitals and other health care facilities. The responsible health authority should develop a national (or regional) programme to support hospitals. Such programmes must assess and promote good health care, appropriate isolation, sterilization, and other practices, staff training, and epidemiological surveillance should be developed

Seasonal Effect on Bovine Raw Milk Composition of Oulmes Local Race in Morocco

A total of 120 samples were collected and examined in three seasons: autumn 2013, winter and spring 2014. The milk samples were obtained from Oulmes bovine race located in the Middle Atlas in Morocco. This search work aimed to characterize the physicochemical quality of this milk related to the different seasonal variations. The physical parameters tested were, moisture, total solids, conductivity and freezing point. Also, some chemical components, including fat, protein, lactose, ash, density and the minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) were carried out. Protein, Ca and K levels demonstrated seasonal trends with a maximum of 3.66 ± 0.01%, 1476 ± 167%, and 1173 ± 179% respectively, in spring and conductivity of 4.35 ± 1.45mS in autumn, while minerals and many physical properties displayed considerable variations. Many significant interrelation ships in physicochemical properties were found mainly for protein which was strongly correlated to solid non fat (SNF) (r= 0.94), salts (r =0.75), density (r =0.80), lactose (r = 0.76), and freezing points (r =-0.69). Keywords: bovine milk, Oulmes race, physicochemical composition, Pearson’s correlation

Etude comparee du metabolisme du D-glucose et du D-xylose par Clostridium acetobutylicum : induction, repression catabolique, permeases, glucose-isomerase

SIGLET 55407 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc