The immunological aspects of male infertility: 2016 - 2020 literature review

Approximately 15% of sexually active couples without using various methods of contraception do not achieve pregnancy within a year. At the same time, the cause of infertility is not identified in 30-40% of cases, which indicates the urgency of this problem and many existing questions regarding the developmental mechanisms that can lead to infertility. Many mechanisms of the development of infertility remain unclear, and therefore it is often impossible to carry out adequate diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of the review was to highlight the accumulated material on the topic of male immune infertility, to determine the direction of further research. Our review confirmed the urgent need for a detailed study of the mechanisms of immunological infertility. Emphasis is made on the areas on which further research to study this problem should be based

Idiopathic male infertility and human papillomavirus infection

Background. Infertility is the one of the complex and topical problem of the reproductology.Objectives. The study of the involvement and etiological structure of Human Papillomavirus infection (PVI) in men with infertility combined with PVI.Materials and methods. A survey of 71 patients aged from 22 to 44 years with the established infertility diagnosis combined with PVI and with the absence of other risk factors.Results. When analyzing the ejaculate among the various variants of pathozoospermia, asthenozoospermia was detected most often - in 56% of cases, asthenoteratozoospermia was recorded less often - in 21% of cases and oligoasthenoterozoospermia was determined in 16% of cases, respectively. A small proportion was oligoastenozoospermia, namely in 6% of observations. Pathozoospermia was combined with PVI 16, 18, 33 types in most cases.Conclusions. In the present study it was found that PVI can lead to various types of pathospermia. Infertility associated with PVI is characterized by impaired spermatozoa motility and deterioration in the morphological characteristics of the ejaculate. In the course of the analysis it was found that in patients with pathozoospermia have 16, 18, 33 HVP types in most cases