Drug-induced sleep endoscopy in persistent pediatric sleep-disordered breathing after adenotonsillectomy.

ObjectivesTo demonstrate the feasibility of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in the pediatric population and to examine DISE results in children with persistent sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A).DesignRetrospective case series with medical chart review.SettingTertiary pediatric medical center.PatientsThirteen pediatric subjects with persistent SDB after T&A are included in the study.InterventionDrug-induced sleep endoscopy was per-formed on all patients with documentation of all sites of persistent airway obstruction.ResultsMultilevel upper-airway obstruction was identified in the majority of patients, most commonly related to tongue base obstruction, adenoid regrowth, and/or inferior turbinate hypertrophy. There were no differences among the 4 subgroups.ConclusionsFindings from DISE suggest that multiple factors contribute to airway obstruction in persistent SDB after T&A. Further research can address the extent to which directed surgical treatment can improve outcomes in these patients

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy in persistent pediatric sleep-disordered breathing after adenotonsillectomy.

ObjectivesTo demonstrate the feasibility of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in the pediatric population and to examine DISE results in children with persistent sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A).DesignRetrospective case series with medical chart review.SettingTertiary pediatric medical center.PatientsThirteen pediatric subjects with persistent SDB after T&A are included in the study.InterventionDrug-induced sleep endoscopy was per-formed on all patients with documentation of all sites of persistent airway obstruction.ResultsMultilevel upper-airway obstruction was identified in the majority of patients, most commonly related to tongue base obstruction, adenoid regrowth, and/or inferior turbinate hypertrophy. There were no differences among the 4 subgroups.ConclusionsFindings from DISE suggest that multiple factors contribute to airway obstruction in persistent SDB after T&A. Further research can address the extent to which directed surgical treatment can improve outcomes in these patients

Comparison of drug‐induced sleep endoscopy and lateral cephalometry in obstructive sleep apnea

Objectives/hypothesisTo evaluate the association between findings from drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and lateral cephalometry in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional.MethodsThis was a consecutive series of subjects with OSA who underwent DISE and lateral cephalometry. DISE findings were characterized according to the region/degree of obstruction as well as the VOTE classification (velum, oropharyngeal lateral walls, tongue, and epiglottis). The primary measurements from lateral cephalometry images were sella-nasion-point A angle, sella-nasion-point B angle, distance from the posterior nasal spine-tip of palate, posterior airway space, and mandibular plane to hyoid (MPH) distance, although additional airway measurements were taken. Descriptive statistics summarized DISE and lateral cephalometry findings, and χ(2) and t tests examined potential associations between their findings.ResultsAmong the 55 subjects, most demonstrated velum-related obstruction, although obstruction related to other structures was also common. Lateral cephalometry findings were within population norms with the exception of an increased MPH and decreased airway 4 and airway 5 measurements. There was little association between DISE and lateral cephalometry findings, although significant associations were identified between tongue-related obstruction and airway measurements posterior to the tongue base.ConclusionsDISE and lateral cephalometry are largely distinct airway evaluation techniques in OSA. The use of these techniques remains complementary

Sleep-disordered breathing in pediatric head and neck vascular malformations.

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) symptoms among children with head and neck vascular malformations and to compare obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-18 scores between children with head and neck vascular malformations and children with non-head and neck vascular malformations.Study designRetrospective cohort and prospective cross-sectional studies METHODS: Forty-three pediatric subjects with head and neck vascular malformations evaluated at a tertiary-care multidisciplinary vascular anomalies center were included in a retrospective cohort study. Eighty-three consecutive pediatric subjects with vascular malformations evaluated at the same center were included in the prospective cross-sectional study.ResultsIn the retrospective cohort study, 20 (47%) subjects with head and neck malformations had documented SDB symptoms. Of those with SDB symptoms, five (25%) required long-term tracheotomy. The children with SDB symptoms had greater vascular malformation size, more extensive pharyngeal involvement, greater vascular malformation mass effect on airway, and closer proximity of malformation to airway when compared to children without SDB symptoms. For the prospective cross-sectional study, 23% of pediatric subjects had malformations of the head and neck. Those with head and neck malformations had a higher OSA-18 score and a lower overall quality of life (QOL) score when compared to subjects with non-head and neck malformations.ConclusionNearly half of children with head and neck vascular malformations have SDB symptoms. Children with head and neck vascular malformations have a higher OSA-18 score and lower overall QOL score when compared to children with non-head and neck vascular malformations.Level of evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:2159-2164, 2017

Application of drug-induced sleep endoscopy in patients treated with upper airway stimulation therapy

Objective: To determine the level of agreement among experienced operators of candidacy for upper airway stimulation (UAS) based on evaluation of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). Methods: The trial was designed as a single-blinded cross-sectional study. Four otolaryngologists with extensive DISE experience were given 63 video clips from the STAR trial video library. These videos were graded using the VOTE classification. Percentage agreement and Cohenâs κ (for inter-rater reliability) were calculated between pairs of reviewers, assessing palatal complete concentric collapse (CCC) and determining UAS eligibility. Subjects were also grouped based on collapse severity for each reviewer. Results: The reviewers had excellent (approximately 90%) agreement on findings at the level of the soft palate and tongue base. The inter-rater reliability for palatal CCC ranged from moderate to substantial. The agreement on determining the criteria for UAS implantation ranged from poor to moderate. All 4 upper airway structures as classified by the criteria of the VOTE were graded by all the reviewers as contributing to obstruction in a majority of subjects who were performed via application of DISE. Conclusion: Application of DISE remains a subjective examination, even among those experienced operators, therefore more studies need to be performed for evaluation of improvement in inter-rater reliability after implantation of training videos. Keywords: Drug-induced sleep endoscopy, Drug-induced sedation endoscopy, Upper airway stimulation, Sleep-disordered breathing, Obstructive sleep apnea, Inter-rater reliabilit