Investigation of MIMO Communications

This project focuses on the background of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication and its advantages over the other possible implementations. A background of wireless communication in regards to modulation types, information theory, antenna background and a hardware implementation using a VSA and VSG is provided. The theory is compared and verified with the hardware implementation with regards to the effect of the increase in the number of antennas and the parameter vector error magnitude

Supernumerary chromosome variation and heterochromatin distribution in the endemic New Zealand frog Leiopelma hochstetteri

Specimens of the endemic New Zealand frog Leiopelma hochstetteri from Tapu on North Island were found to have six, nine or ten supernumerary chromosomes in their karyotypes. In comparison with previously published data, these results further indicate probable geographic variation in supernumerary chromosome number between populations. Increased numbers of supernumeraries in these frogs is correlated with apparent decrease of centromeric heterochromatin in the five large metacentric chromosomes of the karyotype, as detected by C-banding. Meiosis was abnormal in a male with a high number of supernumeraries. In lampbrush preparations from a single female with one supernumerary univalent, the supernumerary often had a denser, beaded appearance in comparison with the regular bivalents. Evidence is consistent with the notion that these supernumerary chromosomes may have arisen from centromeric fragments.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47362/1/412_2004_Article_BF00293180.pd

The evolution of a highly variable sex chromosome in Gehyra purpurascens (Gekkonidae)

A karyotypic survey of the gekkonid lizard Gehyra purpurascens revealed a distinctive sex chromosome system. G-banding showed that the Z Chromosome of males is derived from a tandem fusion of two acrocentric chromosomes of a presumed ancestral Gehyra with 2n=44. Through the application of G-; N- and C-banding, a total of six morphs of the W chromosome were identified. These differ by paracentric and pericentric inversions and, in one case, by a centric shift. The possible reasons for such extensive variation in the W chromosome are considered, and it is suggested that increased mutability of the W chromosome may be a causal factor. In contrast to earlier speculations, this example demonstrates that sex chromosomes can evolve without significant changes in the amount of C-band heterochromatin.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47361/1/412_2004_Article_BF00292447.pd

A multi-site collaborative study of the hostile priming effect

Data Accessibility Statement: See Table 1.Supplementary data: Peer Review History - docx file - available online at: https://online.ucpress.edu/collabra/article/7/1/18738/116070/A-Multi-Site-Collaborative-Study-of-the-Hostile#supplementary-data .In a now-classic study by Srull and Wyer (1979), people who were exposed to phrases with hostile content subsequently judged a man as being more hostile. And this “hostile priming effect” has had a significant influence on the field of social cognition over the subsequent decades. However, a recent multi-lab collaborative study (McCarthy et al., 2018) that closely followed the methods described by Srull and Wyer (1979) found a hostile priming effect that was nearly zero, which casts doubt on whether these methods reliably produce an effect. To address some limitations with McCarthy et al. (2018), the current multi-site collaborative study included data collected from 29 labs. Each lab conducted a close replication (total N = 2,123) and a conceptual replication (total N = 2,579) of Srull and Wyer’s methods. The hostile priming effect for both the close replication (d = 0.09, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.22], z = 1.34, p = .16) and the conceptual replication (d = 0.05, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.15], z = 1.15, p = .58) were not significantly different from zero and, if the true effects are non-zero, were smaller than what most labs could feasibly and routinely detect. Despite our best efforts to produce favorable conditions for the effect to emerge, we did not detect a hostile priming effect. We suggest that researchers should not invest more resources into trying to detect a hostile priming effect using methods like those described in Srull and Wyer (1979).We have no funding to declare for this project