3,762 research outputs found
Cancer incidence in British vegetarians
Background:
Few prospective studies have examined cancer incidence among vegetarians.
Methods:
We studied 61 566 British men and women, comprising 32 403 meat eaters, 8562 non-meat eaters who did eat fish ('fish eaters') and 20 601 vegetarians. After an average follow-up of 12.2 years, there were 3350 incident cancers of which 2204 were among meat eaters, 317 among fish eaters and 829 among vegetarians. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated by Cox regression, stratified by sex and recruitment protocol and adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, physical activity level and, for women only, parity and oral contraceptive use.
Results:
There was significant heterogeneity in cancer risk between groups for the following four cancer sites: stomach cancer, RRs (compared with meat eaters) of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.07–1.20) in fish eaters and 0.36 (0.16–0.78) in vegetarians, P for heterogeneity=0.007; ovarian cancer, RRs of 0.37 (0.18–0.77) in fish eaters and 0.69 (0.45–1.07) in vegetarians, P for heterogeneity=0.007; bladder cancer, RRs of 0.81 (0.36–1.81) in fish eaters and 0.47 (0.25–0.89) in vegetarians, P for heterogeneity=0.05; and cancers of the lymphatic and haematopoietic tissues, RRs of 0.85 (0.56–1.29) in fish eaters and 0.55 (0.39–0.78) in vegetarians, P for heterogeneity=0.002. The RRs for all malignant neoplasms were 0.82 (0.73–0.93) in fish eaters and 0.88 (0.81–0.96) in vegetarians (P for heterogeneity=0.001).
Conclusion:
The incidence of some cancers may be lower in fish eaters and vegetarians than in meat eaters
Current Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprising deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a common disorder with at least 250,000 new events occurring each year in the United States alone. Treatment of VTE entails anticoagulation, which is achieved initially with the use of a parenterally administered anticoagulant followed by a more prolonged course of treatment with an oral vitamin K antagonist. The duration of anticoagulation depends on the clinical assessment of the benefit-risk ratio of prolonged anticoagulation versus the risk of recurrent events. In this review, we discuss some of the issues that we believe are among the most critical unanswered questions in the management of VTE in the present era
Sickle-Cell Trait: Novel Clinical Significance
There is a long-standing controversy in the literature as to whether sickle-cell trait (SCT) should be viewed as a benign carrier state or as an intermediate disease phenotype. Because SCT is routinely detected by neonatal screening for sickle-cell disease, it becomes imperative that consensus on this issue be achieved in order to provide the best medical advice to affected individuals. The issue of selective screening in the post-neonatal period was thrust into the limelight recently by the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s recommendation that its member colleges and universities test student-athletes to confirm their carrier status if not already known. The stated goal of this recommendation was to prevent exercise-related sudden death in athletes with SCT. We review some of the reported complications of SCT for which new information has emerged, focusing particularly on venous thromboembolism and renal manifestations
Venous thromboembolism in malignant gliomas
Malignant gliomas are associated with a very high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). While many clinical risk factors have previously been described in brain tumor patients, the risk of VTE associated with newer anti-angiogenic therapies such as bevacizumab in these patients remains unclear. When VTE occurs in this patient population, concern regarding the potential for intracranial hemorrhage complicates management decisions regarding anticoagulation, and these patients have a worse prognosis than their VTE-free counterparts. Risk stratification models identifying patients at high risk of developing VTE along with predictive plasma biomarkers may guide the selection of eligible patients for primary prevention with pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. Recent studies exploring disordered coagulation, such as increased expression of tissue factor (TF), and tumorigenic molecular signaling may help to explain the increased risk of VTE in patients with malignant gliomas
Development of Proficiency Testing for Detection of Irradiated Food: Project E01068. Results of First Round PSL Trials, September 2005
Quantum Logic for Trapped Atoms via Molecular Hyperfine Interactions
We study the deterministic entanglement of a pair of neutral atoms trapped in
an optical lattice by coupling to excited-state molecular hyperfine potentials.
Information can be encoded in the ground-state hyperfine levels and processed
by bringing atoms together pair-wise to perform quantum logical operations
through induced electric dipole-dipole interactions. The possibility of
executing both diagonal and exchange type entangling gates is demonstrated for
two three-level atoms and a figure of merit is derived for the fidelity of
entanglement. The fidelity for executing a CPHASE gate is calculated for two
87Rb atoms, including hyperfine structure and finite atomic localization. The
main source of decoherence is spontaneous emission, which can be minimized for
interaction times fast compared to the scattering rate and for sufficiently
separated atomic wavepackets. Additionally, coherent couplings to states
outside the logical basis can be constrained by the state dependent trapping
potential.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review
Bosons in cigar-shape traps: Thomas-Fermi regime, Tonks-Girardeau regime, and between
We present a quantitative analysis of the experimental accessibility of the
Tonks-Girardeau gas in the current day experiments with cigar-trapped alkalis.
For this purpose we derive, using a Bethe anzats generated local equation of
state, a set of hydrostatic equations describing one-dimensional
delta-interacting Bose gases trapped in a harmonic potential. The resulting
solutions cover the_entire range_ of atomic densities.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Septic arthritis in males with haemophilia
We used data collected as part of the Universal Data Collection (UDC) surveillance project in haemophilia treatment centers (HTC) to study the incidence, risk factors, and impact of septic arthritis among males with haemophilia. Patients participating in UDC on 2 or more occasions were included. Cases were defined as patients with documented joint infection. Characteristics of the cases were compared with those of haemophilia patients without infection. Among the 8026 eligible patients with 36,015 person-years of follow-up, 30 (0.37%) had a documented joint infection (incidence rate 83 per 100,000 person-years). In a logistic regression model, only increasing age (OR = 6.1 for age ≥30), race/ethnicity other than white (OR = 3.9), presence of inhibitor (OR = 3.9), invasive procedure in the past year (OR = 2.7) and presence of one or more target joints (OR = 3.2) remained statistically significant. CVAD use and HCV and HIV infection were not associated with septic arthritis risk after adjusting for potential confounders. Study limitations include possible underestimation of septic arthritis rate in this population and its retrospective design. We conclude that septic arthritis is an uncommon complication of haemophilia occurring primarily in joints most affected by bleeding and reparative surgical interventions
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