Models to Reduce the Complexity of Simulating a Quantum Computer

Recently Quantum Computation has generated a lot of interest due to the discovery of a quantum algorithm which can factor large numbers in polynomial time. The usefulness of a quantum com puter is limited by the effect of errors. Simulation is a useful tool for determining the feasibility of quantum computers in the presence of errors. The size of a quantum computer that can be simulat ed is small because faithfully modeling a quantum computer requires an exponential amount of storage and number of operations. In this paper we define simulation models to study the feasibility of quantum computers. The most detailed of these models is based directly on a proposed imple mentation. We also define less detailed models which are exponentially less complex but still pro duce accurate results. Finally we show that the two different types of errors, decoherence and inaccuracies, are uncorrelated. This decreases the number of simulations which must be per formed.Comment: 25 page

Market Goats: Tips for Beginning a Livestock Project

The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide several tips for beginning a market goat 4-H youth livestock project. 4-H market goat projects are gaining popularity, as seen by the increased level of competition and 4-H livestock shows

Something Old, Something New: The Rustic Wedding Symphony of Karl Goldmark

While Karl Goldmark was an internationally-known composer and respected teacher in the late nineteenth century, his music is not widely known among performers and audiences today. This document attempts to address this lack by introducing the reader to the unique and interesting features of Goldmark's style through an investigation of his first large-scale symphonic work, Symphonie Ländliche Hochzeit (Rustic Wedding Symphony), Op. 26. In support of the view that Goldmark's style represents a synthesis of the antithetical approaches of Brahms and Wagner, it examines the elements of Rustic Wedding that stem from the symphonic tradition ("something old") as well as those unique to him ("something new")

Jr. Livestock Show: Market Goats

This fact sheet gives information for junior livestock show goats.It includes information of market goat breeds, selecting goats, traits for selection, structure and confirmation, and tips for showing goats

Simulation of Factoring on a Quantum Computer Architecture

this paper we present results of simulations of four different error models on three different networks which solve the factorization problem. We perform our simulations at the quantum gate level. Simulating at the gate level will allow us to determine the feasibility of large scale networks at minimal cost before expensive apparatus is built. Simulations also allow us to observe the intermediate states of the network, unlike a real quantum system where the quantum behavior breaks down on observation. This also allows the introduction of errors at each stage of the network. Understanding how errors affect the results of the computation at the gate level will help determine the fidelity to which quantum gates must be constructed. This paper is organized into five sections. The next section describes the quantum simulator used as well as describing the four different error models. The third section describes the different circuits used in our simulations. We use the Los Alamos factor-4[6] network, and special cases of the factor-15 and factor-21 problems. In the fourth section we present and discuss our results and we conclude in the last section. 2 Quantum Simulato

Final Project - Electric Light; Light Fair 2010

Lighting devices -- Lamps -- Electric lamp

A Parallel Quantum Computer Simulator ‡

A Quantum Computer is a new type of computer which can efficiently solve complex problems such as prime factorization. A quantum computer threatens the security of public key encryption systems because these systems rely on the fact that prime factorization is computationally difficult. Errors limit the effectiveness of quantum computers. Because of the exponential nature of quantum computers, simulating the effect of errors on them requires a vast amount of processing and memory resources. In this paper we describe a parallel simulator which accesses the feasibility of quantum computers. We also derive and validate an analytical model of execution time for the simulator, which shows that parallel quantum computer simulation is very scalable. A quantum computer consists of atomic particles which obey the laws of quantum mechanics. The complexity of a quantum system is exponential with respect to the number of particles. Performing computation using these quantum particles results in an exponential amount of calculation in a polynomial amount of space and time [Feyn85][Beni82][Deut85]. This quantum parallelism i

Pregnancy modifies the large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel and cGMP-dependent signaling pathway in uterine vascular smooth muscle

Regulation of uteroplacental blood flow (UPBF) during pregnancy remains unclear. Large conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa), consisting of α- and regulatory β-subunits, are expressed in uterine vascular smooth muscle (UVSM) and contribute to the maintenance of UPBF in the last third of ovine pregnancy, but their expression pattern and activation pathways are unclear. We examined BKCa subunit expression, the cGMP-dependent signaling pathway, and the functional role of BKCa in uterine arteries (UA) from nonpregnant (n = 7), pregnant (n = 38; 56–145 days gestation; term, ∼150 days), and postpartum (n = 15; 2–56 days) sheep. The α-subunit protein switched from 83–87 and 105 kDa forms in nonpregnant UVSM to 100 kDa throughout pregnancy, reversal occurring >30 days postpartum. The 39-kDa β1-subunit was the primary regulatory subunit. Levels of 100-kDa α-subunit rose ∼70% during placentation (P < 0.05) and were unchanged in the last two-thirds of pregnancy; in contrast, β1-protein rose throughout pregnancy (R2 = 0.996; P < 0.001; n = 13), increasing 50% during placentation and approximately twofold in the remainder of gestation. Although UVSM soluble guanylyl cyclase was unchanged, cGMP and protein kinase G1α increased (P < 0.02), paralleling the rise and fall in β1-protein during pregnancy and the puerperium. BKCa inhibition not only decreased UA nitric oxide (NO)-induced relaxation but also enhanced α-agonist-induced vasoconstriction. UVSM BKCa modify relaxation-contraction responses in the last two-thirds of ovine pregnancy, and this is associated with alterations in α-subunit composition, α:β1-subunit stoichiometry, and upregulation of the cGMP-dependent pathway, suggesting that BKCa activation via NO-cGMP and β1 augmentation may contribute to the regulation of UPBF