ROBUST LOCATION TRACKING USING A DUAL LAYER PARTICLE FILTER

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A ROBUST LOCATION TRACKING USING UBIQUITOUS RFID WIRELESS NETWORK

A dangerous workplace like the iron production company needs a durable monitoring of workers to protect them from an critical accident. This paper concerns about a robust and accurate location tracking method using ubiquitous RFID wireless network. The sensed RSSI signals obtained from the RFID readers are very unstable in the complicated and propagation-hazard workplace like the iron production company. So, the existing particle filter can not provide a satisfactory location tracking performance. To overcome this limitation, we propose a double layered particle filter, where the lower layer classifies the block in which the tag is contained by the SVM classifier and the upper layer estimates the accurate location of tag owner by the particle filter within the classified block. This layered structure improves the location estimation and tracking performance because the evidence about the location from the lower layer makes a effective restrict on the range of possible locations of the upper layer. We implement the proposed location estimation and tracking system using the ubiquitous RFID wireless network in a noisy and complicated workplace (100m x 50m) where which 49 RFID readers and 9 gateways are located in the fixed locations and the maximally 100 workers owning active RFID tags are moving around the workplace. Many extensive experiments show that the proposed location estimation and tracking system is working well in a real-time and the position error is about 2m at maximum.X111sciescopu

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Polyelectrolyte flexibility effect on the morphology of charged lipid multilayers

Coupling of flexible (PAAS: polyacrylic acid sodium salt) and semiflexible (λ DNA) polyelectrolytes onto an oppositely charged lipid monolayer (DOTAP: dioleoyl trimethylammonium propane chloride) at the air-liquid interface leads distinctive collapse behavior with lateral compression. In both cases, trilayer domains form by nucleation growth mechanism followed by multilayer formation with further compression. The flexible chain induces circular, fluid domains while the semiflexible chain induces elongated, solid-like domains. These morphological differences show that the flexibility of adsorbed polymers strongly affects the rigidity of the lipid membrane

Automated Detection of Rice Bakanae Disease via Drone Imagery

This paper proposes a system for the forecasting and automated inspection of rice Bakanae disease (RBD) infection rates via drone imagery. The proposed system synthesizes camera calibrations and area calculations in the optimal data domain to detect infected bunches and classify infected rice culm numbers. Optimal heights and angles for identification were examined via linear discriminant analysis and gradient magnitude by targeting the morphological features of RBD in drone imagery. Camera calibration and area calculation enabled distortion correction and simultaneous calculation of image area using a perspective transform matrix. For infection detection, a two-step configuration was used to recognize the infected culms through deep learning classifiers. The YOLOv3 and RestNETV2 101 models were used for detection of infected bunches and classification of the infected culm numbers, respectively. Accordingly, 3 m drone height and 0° angle to the ground were found to be optimal, yielding an infected bunches detection rate with a mean average precision of 90.49. The classification of number of infected culms in the infected bunch matched with an 80.36% accuracy. The RBD detection system that we propose can be used to minimize confusion and inefficiency during rice field inspection

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Warming-Related Genes in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis

For sustainable crop cultivation in the face of global warming, it is important to unravel the genetic mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to a warming climate and apply this information to breeding. Thermomorphogenesis and ambient temperature signaling pathways have been well studied in model plants, but little information is available for vegetable crops. Here, we investigated genes responsive to warming conditions from two Brassica rapa inbred lines with different geographic origins: subtropical (Kenshin) and temperate (Chiifu). Genes in Gene Ontology categories “response to heat”, “heat acclimation”, “response to light intensity”, “response to oxidative stress”, and “response to temperature stimulus” were upregulated under warming treatment in both lines, but genes involved in “response to auxin stimulus” were upregulated only in Kenshin under both warming and minor-warming conditions. We identified 16 putative high temperature (HT) adaptation-related genes, including 10 heat-shock response genes, 2 transcription factor genes, 1 splicing factor gene, and 3 others. BrPIF4, BrROF2, and BrMPSR1 are candidate genes that might function in HT adaptation. Auxin response, alternative splicing of BrHSFA2, and heat shock memory appear to be indispensable for HT adaptation in B. rapa. These results lay the foundation for molecular breeding and marker development to improve warming tolerance in B. rapa

Effects of TmTak1 silencing on AMP production as an Imd pathway component in Tenebrio molitor

Abstract Mealworms beetles, Tenebrio molitor, are the limelight next-generation food for humans due to their high nutrient contents. Since Tenebrio molitor is used as feed for pets and livestock in addition to their ability to decompose polystyrene and plastic waste, it is recognized as an insect with an industrial core value. Therefore, it is important to study the immune mechanism related to the development and infection of mealworms for mass breeding purposes. The immune deficiency (Imd) signaling is one of the main pathways with pivotal roles in the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Transforming growth factor-β activated kinase (TAK1) is one of the Imd pathway components, forms a complex with TAK1 binding protein 2 (TAB2) to ultimately help activate the transcription factor Relish and eventually induce host to produce AMPs. Relatively, little has been revealed about TAK1 in insect models, especially in the T. molitor. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate the function of TmTak1 in T. molitor. Our results showed that the highest and lowest mRNA expression of TmTak1 were found in egg and young larvae respectively. The tissue-specific expression patterns were reported in the gut of T. molitor larvae and the fat bodies of adults. Systemic microbial challenge illustrated TmTak1 high expression following the fungal infection in all dissected tissues except for the whole body. However, silencing TmTak1 experiments showed that the survivability of T. molitor larvae affected significantly following Escherichia coli infection. Accordingly, AMP induction after TmTak1 knock down was mainly reported in the integument and the fat bodies

Investigation of the aging behavior and orientation relationships in Fe-31.4Mn-11.4Al-0.89C low-density steel

The aging behavior and orientation relationships in Fe-31.4Mn-11.4Al-0.89C low-density steel were investigated with respect to constituent phases and precipitates, including gamma-austenite matrix, beta-Mn, and alpha-precipitate. After aging treatment at 550 degrees C for various periods of time, the microstructural changes and corresponding mechanical response were characterized by Vickers hardness measurement combined with EBSD and TEM observations. The precipitation sequence during the aging treatment showed that nano-sized kappa-carbides firstly precipitated within the gamma-austenite matrix at the incipient stage of aging, and induced the primary age hardening. After aging for 300 min, the lath-type beta-Mn phase was formed, leading to the dramatic secondary hardening response. The alpha-precipitates with partial D0(3) order were subsequently produced at the beta-Mn interior, grain/phase boundary region, and the gamma-austenite interior after further aging over 10,000 min. The misorientation-angle distribution, RodrigueseFrank vector space, and orientation relationship stereogram (OR stereogram) from EBSD measurements were employed for analyzing gamma-matrix/beta-Mn and beta-Mn/alpha-precipitate interphase boundaries, respectively. The OR stereograms showed that the preferred orientation relationships were represented as (111)gamma//(221)(beta-Mn), (01 (1) over bar)(gamma)// (01 (2) over bar)(beta-Mn), ((2) over bar 11)(gamma)//((5) over bar 42)(beta-Mn) for gamma-matrix/beta-Mn interface, and (012)(beta-Mn)//(001)(alpha), (02 (1) over bar)(beta-Mn)// (010)(alpha), (100)beta-Mn//(100)alpha for beta-Mn/alpha-precipitate interface, respectively. The orientation relationships obtained from the OR stereograms were clarified by checking the deviation angle distributions of interface segments from the ideal orientation relationships, as well as the TEM diffraction patterns at the interface boundaries. In addition, the misorientation distribution between gamma-matrix and alpha-precipitate was examined and compared to conventional fcc/bcc orientation relationships