Dynamic control of load in special medical group students during PE activities

Aim. The article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic control of the workload during PE activities in special medical group students (SMG) using heart rate (HR) monitors. Materials and methods. The research involved 30 students with chronic pathology of the organs of vision, respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, nervous and genitourinary systems. Control (CG) and experimental groups (EG) were formed of 15 people each. Before the beginning of the research, the intensity of physical activity was selected individually for each girl. During the training session, the load level in the control group was selected by the results of operational control, while in the experimental group it was chosen by means of dynamic control. The effectiveness of dynamic control was established by the comparative analysis of indicators of functional abilities, physical development and physical fitness of students. Results. During the research process, the average value of the chest circumference increased by 2.7% in CG and by 4.8% in EG, indicating an improvement in respiratory function. Despite the absence of statistically significant differences in this indicator, it should be noted that the chest circumference increased more in the experimental group. In the experimental group, a greater increase was noted in other indicators of the respiratory system. During physical activity, the average heart rate decreased by 4.8% and 7.1%, SBP by 7.7% and 11.1%, DBP by 6.2% and 6.3% in CG and EG, respectively, indicating an improvement in the cardiovascular system. SBP indicators were significantly lower in the experimental group. For other indicators significant differences were not revealed but it should be noted that in the experimental group the decrease was more significant. The increase in physical fitness in female students of both groups was registered in all eight indicators. The most significant increase (P<0.01) was noted in exercises for general and special endurance. In the experimental group, the increase was from 8 to 77 %, in the control group, from 4.6 to 52%. Conclusion. Dynamic control of training load using heart rate data obtained with heart rate monitors provides a more significant increase in physical fitness and body functions of SMG students, improves the efficiency of physical education management, provides an individual approach to the load control, as well as feedback during the training session and the possibility of choosing physical education methods. © 2020 South Ural State University - Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service. All rights reserved

Образ жизни и отношение к здоровью студенческой молодежи

The article presents the results of the study of the status of health of students, the causes and conditions of the negative impact on their health, and the features of the organization of their free time. The study found that 32.8% of students are too overloaded and do not monitor their health, 57.0% of students do not have health problems, but constantly work with overload, and only 10.2% follow a healthy lifestyle. The study revealed that 28.9% of young people consume alcoholic drinks, and 21.9% of them smoke cigarettes. 82.8% of students do not consider their diet nutrients. Modern students use their free time for passive recreation and entertainment. Communication, listening to music, surfing the internet take the first positions. Sports and physical activity occupy ninth place. The main causes of physical passivity are laziness and lack of time. Students are aware of the importance of physical activity, but do not change their lifestyle to increase the motor component to improve the quality of their health. Thus, the main factors that have a negative impact on the health of students are increasing socio-economic tensions and negligent attitude to their health: poor organization of daily routine, low motor activity, bad habits.В статье приведены результаты исследования состояния здоровья студентов, причин и условий, оказывающих негативное влияние на их самочувствие, особенностей организации и проведения свободного времени. В результате исследования установлено, что 32,8% студентов слишком перегружены и не следят за состоянием своего здоровья, 57,0% проблем с самочувствием не имеют, но постоянно работают с перегрузкой и только 10,2% ведут здоровый образ жизни. В ходе исследования выявлено, что 28,9% молодых людей употребляют алкогольные напитки, 21,9% курят. Не считают свой рацион питания полноценным 82,8%. Свободное время современные студенты используют для пассивного отдыха и развлечений. На первых позициях находятся общение, слушание музыки, интернет. Спорт и физическая активность занимают девятое место. Основной причиной физической пассивности указаны лень и недостаток времени. Студенты осознают важность физической активности, но не меняют образ жизни в сторону увеличения двигательного компонента для улучшения качества своего здоровья. Таким образом, основными факторами, оказывающими негативное влияние на здоровье студентов, являются возрастающая социально-экономическая напряженность и небрежное отношение к своему здоровью: недостатки в организации режима дня, низкая двигательная активность, наличие вредных привычек

РЕГУЛЯРНАЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ НАГРУЗКА СНИЖАЕТ ВЛИЯНИЕ А-АЛЛЕЛЯ ГЕНА FTO НА ПРЕДРАСПОЛОЖЕННОСТЬ К ОЖИРЕНИЮ В ГРУППЕ РУССКИХ МУЖЧИН

Introduction. Although the effect of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene on adiposity is well established, there is a lack of evidence whether physical activity (PA) modifies the effect of FTO variants on obesity in Russians. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine PA influences and interactive effects between FTO variants and PA on measures of adiposity in Russians. Materials and methods. 110 Russian males aged 22-52 years old were examined. Anthropometry: height and weight, waist and hip circumferences were taken. The whole-body impedance was measured on the right-hand side of the body using the bioimpedance meter ABC-01 ‘Medas’ (SRC Medas, Russia) according to a conventional tetrapolar scheme at a frequency of 50 kHz. For each subject participating in the study, the genotype was determined by the polymorphic systems of the T/A (rs9939609) polymorphism of the FTO gene (Lytekh, Moscow). Results. Participants who did not engage in regular PA exhibited higher BMI, fat mass, HC, and WC with statistical significance (P ≤ 0.01). Although significant associations between the three FTO genotypes and adiposity measures were found in the sedentary group. There were no significant associations between FTO genotypes and obesity-related phenotypes in the PA group. Conclusion. Comparison of morphological parameters in carriers of alternative genotypes in two subgroups with different lifestyles makes it possible to conclude that the A allele determines a greater tendency to accumulate fat in cases where there is no regular physical activity.Цель. Несмотря на то, что влияние жировой массы и связанного с ожирением гена FTO на набор веса хорошо изучено, по-прежнему недостаточно данных о том, меняет ли физическая активность воздействие вариантов гена FTO на избыточный вес у россиян. Таким образом, цель данного исследования - изучить влияние физической активности, а также воздействие вариантов гена FTO и физической активности на показатели ожирения у россиян. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 110 мужчин из России в возрасте от 22 до 52 лет. Были получены следующие антропометрические данные: длина и масса тела, объем талии и бедер. Импеданс тела был измерен с правой стороны с использованием биоимпедансметра АВС-01 МЕДАСС (ООО НТЦ Медасс, Россия) на частоте 50 кГц в соответствии с традиционной тетраполярной схемой. У каждого участника исследования генотип определялся по полиморфным системам T/A (rs9939609) полиморфизма гена FTO (лаборатория Литех, Москва). Результаты. Участники исследования, не практиковавшие регулярную физическую нагрузку, продемонстрировали более высокие статистически значимые показатели ИМТ, жировой массы, объема талии и бедер (P ≤ 0,01). При этом в группе лиц, ведущих малоподвижный образ жизни, были установлены значительные корреляции между тремя генотипами гена FTO и показателями ожирения. Участники, практикующие регулярную физическую нагрузку, не продемонстрировали статистически значимых связей между генотипами гена FTO и связанными с ожирением фенотипами. Заключение. Сравнение морфологических параметров у носителей альтернативных генотипов из двух подгрупп, ведущих разный образ жизни, позволяет сделать вывод, что А-аллель определяет большую предрасположенность к накоплению жировой массы в отсутствие регулярной физической нагрузки

Physical activity attenuates the effect of the FTO T/A polymorphism on obesity-related phenotypes in adult Russian males [РЕГУЛЯРНАЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ НАГРУЗКА СНИЖАЕТ ВЛИЯНИЕ А-АЛЛЕЛЯ ГЕНА FTO НА ПРЕДРАСПОЛОЖЕННОСТЬ К ОЖИРЕНИЮ В ГРУППЕ РУССКИХ МУЖЧИН]

Introduction. Although the effect of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene on adiposity is well established, there is a lack of evidence whether physical activity (PA) modifies the effect of FTO variants on obesity in Russians. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine PA influences and interactive effects between FTO variants and PA on measures of adiposity in Russians. Materials and methods. 110 Russian males aged 22-52 years old were examined. Anthropometry: height and weight, waist and hip circumferences were taken. The whole-body impedance was measured on the right-hand side of the body using the bioimpedance meter ABC-01 'Medas' (SRC Medas, Russia) according to a conventional tetrapolar scheme at a frequency of 50 kHz. For each subject participating in the study, the genotype was determined by the polymorphic systems of the T/A (rs9939609) polymorphism of the FTO gene (Lytekh, Moscow). Results. Participants who did not engage in regular PA exhibited higher BMI, fat mass, HC, and WC with statistical significance (P ≤ 0.01). Although significant associations between the three FTO genotypes and adiposity measures were found in the sedentary group. There were no significant associations between FTO genotypes and obesity-related phenotypes in the PA group. Conclusion. Comparison of morphological parameters in carriers of alternative genotypes in two subgroups with different lifestyles makes it possible to conclude that the A allele determines a greater tendency to accumulate fat in cases where there is no regular physical activity. © 2019 South Ural State University - Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service. All rights reserved

The Ala/Val Polymorphism of the UCP2 Gene Is Reciprocally Associated with Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance in Athletes

Abstract: Associations between the C/T polymorphism of the UCP2 gene (AlaVal55, rs660339) and aerobic and anaerobic components of physical fitness of athletes were studied. The study involved 168 athletes (46 women and 122 men) engaged in various sports and 98 nonathletes (35 women and 63 men). The athletic performance testing program included the ramp test on a treadmill and the Wingate anaerobic test on a bicycle ergometer. The group of athletes exhibited a tendency towards a higher frequency of carriers of two alleles of “mitochondrial efficiency” (UCP2*TT) (χ2 = 2.53, p = 0.28). Val55 allele associations (T*UCP2) with higher values of functional indicators characterizing the aerobic abilities of athletes were demonstrated, whereas athletes carrying two original Ala55 alleles (UCP2*CC) had better anaerobic abilities. © 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Inc

Полиморфизм гена UCP2 реципрокно ассоциирован с аэробной и анаэробной производительностью у спортсменов

This study investigates associations between C/T polymorphism of the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) gene (rs660339) and the aerobic and speed-power performance in a group of Russian athletes. The study engaged 168 athletes (46 female and 122 male) from different sports and the control group of nonathletes included 98 subjects (35 female and 63 male). Performance testing program included: ramp test and Wingate anaerobic test. A tendency to increased frequencies of the “mitochondrial efficiency” genotype (ТТ*UCP2) (χ2 = 2.53, р = 0.28) were found in the athlete’s cohort. The higher aerobic capacities were associated with the presence of at least one minor Val55 allele (Т*UCP2), and presence of two original Ala55 alleles were associated (CC*UCP2) with better speed-power capacities.Исследование посвящено поиску ассоциаций С/Т-полиморфизма гена UCP2 (AlaVal55, rs660339) с аэробным и анаэробным компонентами физической работоспособности спортсменов. В исследовании приняли участие 168 спортсменов (46 женщин и 122 мужчины), занимающихся различными видами спорта, и 98 неспортсменов (35 женщин и 63 мужчин). Программа нагрузочного тестирования включала проведение рамптеста на бегущей дорожке, а также Вингейтский анаэробный тест на велоэргометре. В группе спортсменов наблюдается тенденция к увеличению частоты встречаемости носителей двух аллелей “митохондриальной эффективности” (UCP2 *ТТ) (χ2 = 2.53, р = 0.28). Продемонстрированы ассоциации Val55 аллеля (Т*UCP2) с более высокими значениями функциональных показателей, характеризующими аэробные возможности спортсменов, тогда как спортсмены-носители двух исходных Ala55 аллелей (UCP2*CC) обладали лучшими анаэробными качествами