Too Much Religious Freedom - Infants Infected with Herpes after Jewish Mohel Applies Oral Suction to Circumcised Penises

Does the Constitution absolutely protect the free exercise of oral-genital suction when it threatens the health and safety of human beings, particularly infants? And does the Constitution bar parents from having any remedy for the lifelong physical, emotional, and financial damage that may potentially result from the negligent HSV transmission through metzizah be\u27peh? This article focuses on the controversial issue of state interference with the Orthodox Jewish practice, a topic recently at the forefront in New York City. Until the government recognizes its duty to provide affirmative regulation of metzitzah be\u27peh to protect the compelling health interest of infants, thousands of infants will continue to be at risk of contracting potentially fatal neonatal HSV without any available remedy or criminal liability. In Section II, the history and religious significance of metzizah be\u27peh is summarized for a better understanding of the strong religious beliefs protected by the Free Exercise Clause. Section III identifies the damaging and permanent nature of HSV by illustrating the range of symptoms, detrimental effects, and virulence of the virus. Section IV offers a short discussion of the relatively recent medical studies which conclusively correlate a high risk of HSV infection with metzitzah be\u27peh, evidence of New York CIty\u27s compelling interest to affirmatively regulate or ban the religious ritual of oral-genital suction. Next, section V explores the present state of the case law surrounding the First Amendment\u27s Free Exercise Clause. This section addresses the analogous judicial fork in the road where the current issue has been temporarily left to idle based on two very different directions taken in the most recent Free Exercise cases from the United States Supreme Court. Section VI discusses how the modern trend of governmental regulations intersecting with religious freedom offers insight to support necessary government regulation of metzitzah be\u27peh. In conclusion, section VII explores the city\u27s proposed solution and the solution\u27s ineffectiveness and inability to protect infants from the incurable and potentially fatal herpes virus

Too Much Religious Freedom - Infants Infected with Herpes after Jewish Mohel Applies Oral Suction to Circumcised Penises

Does the Constitution absolutely protect the free exercise of oral-genital suction when it threatens the health and safety of human beings, particularly infants? And does the Constitution bar parents from having any remedy for the lifelong physical, emotional, and financial damage that may potentially result from the negligent HSV transmission through metzizah be\u27peh? This article focuses on the controversial issue of state interference with the Orthodox Jewish practice, a topic recently at the forefront in New York City. Until the government recognizes its duty to provide affirmative regulation of metzitzah be\u27peh to protect the compelling health interest of infants, thousands of infants will continue to be at risk of contracting potentially fatal neonatal HSV without any available remedy or criminal liability. In Section II, the history and religious significance of metzizah be\u27peh is summarized for a better understanding of the strong religious beliefs protected by the Free Exercise Clause. Section III identifies the damaging and permanent nature of HSV by illustrating the range of symptoms, detrimental effects, and virulence of the virus. Section IV offers a short discussion of the relatively recent medical studies which conclusively correlate a high risk of HSV infection with metzitzah be\u27peh, evidence of New York CIty\u27s compelling interest to affirmatively regulate or ban the religious ritual of oral-genital suction. Next, section V explores the present state of the case law surrounding the First Amendment\u27s Free Exercise Clause. This section addresses the analogous judicial fork in the road where the current issue has been temporarily left to idle based on two very different directions taken in the most recent Free Exercise cases from the United States Supreme Court. Section VI discusses how the modern trend of governmental regulations intersecting with religious freedom offers insight to support necessary government regulation of metzitzah be\u27peh. In conclusion, section VII explores the city\u27s proposed solution and the solution\u27s ineffectiveness and inability to protect infants from the incurable and potentially fatal herpes virus

Elastic Scattering of Heavy Ions by Pb206, Pb207, and Pb208

The angular distributions of C12, N14, O16, and Ne20 elastically scattered by Pb206, Pb207, and Pb208 have been measured at laboratory energies of approximately 10.4 MeV/nucleon. The elastically scattered ions were recorded in photographic emulsions at laboratory angles from 17° to 175°. In general, measurements were extended only to angles where the ratio of the cross section to the Coulomb cross section, σσc, was greater than 0.2. In one case, the measurement was extended to a region where σσc≤1.2×10−5. The cross sections all exhibited a behavior similar to that previously reported for the same ions on Au197 and Bi209. Excellent agreement with the semiclassical strong absorption model was obtained. Nuclear interaction distances calculated by fitting the strong absorption calculations are consistent with r0=1.45 F, where R=r0(A11/3+A21/3). Reprinted from THE PHYSICAL REVIEW, Vol. 127, No. 4, 1224-1229, August 15, 1962. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.127.122

A Study of Some Factors Affecting the Zonation and Ascidian Community Structure at the Ala Wai Yacht Harbor in Waikiki

Tunicates, which comprise the subphylum Urochordata, are an important group in the marine biosphere. The two thousand known species of tunicates are classed according to the position of the gill apparatus. The three classes are Larvacea, Thaliacea, and Ascidiacea, the latter being the most commonly distributed. Ascidians, which are also called sea squirts, are sessile tunicates. They are of interest to the biologist for a number of reasons. Foremost is the possession of a notochord in the larvae. A high concentration of vanadium in the blood and secretion of a cellulose tunic are other unique features. Sessile ascidians are commonly attached to any intertidal substrate, although they may inhabit greater depths (Dybern, 1965). They may give rise to other individuals by asexual budding, and hence are termed social or colonial. All forms undergo sexual reproduction. The larval stage resulting from sexual reproduction occurs in the plankton. Ultimately, the larvae must settle, attach, and metamorphose to the adult

Silver Platter award given to Hugh D. Scott, Jr.

Black and white photograph showing a silver platter given in 1949 to Hugh D. Scott, Jr. from the Republican National Committee following his service as chairman. Scott served as Pennsylvania's U.S. Senator from 1959 to 1977

Cosmic-ray Heavy Nuclei at Geomagnetic Latitude 42°N

The flux of primary cosmic ray heavy nuclei has been measured with a sandwich of C.2 and G.5 emulsions near the coast of Georgia, magnetic latitude 42°N. The emulsions were exposed at about 122 000 ft for 7.5 hours and the calculated fluxes at the top of the atmosphere in particles/ m2-sec-sr were found to be: Li, Be, B (L nuclei) 1.15.±0.3 C,N,O,F (M nuclei) 3.97±0.4 z≥10 (H nuclei) 1.29±0.3 This flight took place on May 25, 1960, near sun spot maximum. Evidence of solar modulation of the primary cosmic ray flux is shown