Factors associated with stress among first-year undergraduate students attending an Australian university

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between stress and various socio-demographic, health and behavioural factors among undergraduate students studying in an Australian university. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among firstyear undergraduate students studying at Griffith University. Participants were recruited from four different academic groups (N=728). The questionnaire used in this study comprised of three sections: socio-demographic information, stress scale and a food frequency questionnaire. K-means Cluster analysis was performed to identify the major dietary patterns and multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors associated with stress. Results: Nearly 53% of the students had some degree of stress with 37.4% experiencing moderate to severe levels of stress. The factors most strongly associated with having mild or moderate/ severe stress levels included being in a relationship [OR =1.71, 95% CI (1.02-2.87) and OR=1.61, 95% CI (1.06-2.44)], studying a non-health related degree [OR=1.68, 95% CI (1.03-2.73) and OR=1.51, 95% CI (1.04-2.19)], working ≥ 21 hours per week [OR=2.12, 95% CI (1.02-4.40) and OR=2.21, 95% CI (1.32-3.67)], and engaging in an unhealthy dietary pattern [OR=2.67, 95% CI (1.25-5.72) and OR=2.76, 95% CI (1.47-5.16)]. Being a female [OR=1.84, 95% CI (1.25-2.72)], living in a shared accommodation [OR=0.52, 95% CI (0.27-0.98)], rarely exercising [OR=2.64, 95% CI (1.59-4.39)], having a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or over [OR=2.03, 95% CI (1.36-3.04)], and engaging in a dietary pattern that was low in protein, fruit and vegetables [OR=1.72, 95% CI (1.06-2.77)] were also associated with having moderate/severe stress levels. Conclusion: This study found that more than half of the undergraduate students had some levels of stress. Both mild and moderate/severe levels of stress were associated with sociodemographic characteristics, risky health behaviours and poor dietary patterns. Our findings reinforce the need to promote healthy behaviours among undergraduate university students in order to maintain good mental health.</p

GAMBARAN STRES DAN BODY IMAGE PADA MAHASISWA SEMESTER VI FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Stres merupakan salah satu respon dari tubuh yang tidak spesifik terhadap kebutuhan tubuh yang terganggu, sedangkan Body image didefinisikan sebagai suatu konsep pribadi seseorang terhadap penampilan fisiknya. adanya wabah Covid-19 menyebabkan ditetapkannya kebijakan kekarantinaan. Kebijakan ini memberi dampak bagi mahasiswa seperti stres. Selain itu, kebijakan karantina meyebabkan kurangnya aktivitas fisik dan aktivitas makanlah yang akan sering dilakukan sehingga memicu kenaikan berat badan serta body image pada seseorang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran stres dan body image pada mahasiswa Semester VI Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional, dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei - September 2020, di Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 162 responden. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner dalam bentuk google forms dimana keadaan stres diukur menggunakan Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), sedangkan body image diukur menggunakan Multidimensional Body Self Relation Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS). Hasil Penelitian variabel stres menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa semester VI Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat yang merasa stres cukup besar yaitu terdapat sebanyak 136 orang atau 84,0%, sedangkan 26 orang atau 16,0% lainnya tidak merasa stres. Kemudian hasil penelitian variabel body image pada mahasiswa menunjukkan bahwa hampir sebagian besar responden memiliki body image positif yaitu 108 orang atau 66,7% dibandingkan dengan responden yang memiliki body image negatif yaitu sebanyak 54 orang atau 33,3%. Kata Kunci : Stres, Body Image, Mahasiswa, Covid-19 ABSTRACTStress is the unspecific bodily response to a disturbed body needs, and body image is a personal concept of an individual about their physical appearance. The COVID-19 epidemic causes the implementation of quarantine policy. The policy has some effects on student, such as stress. Furthermore, quarantine policy decreases physical activity and increases eating activity, triggering weight gain and body image issues to an individual. The purpose of this study is to describe stress and body image of fourth semester students from Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was a descriptive research with a cross-sectional design and was conducted in May-September 2020 at Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi, with the sample size of 162 respondents. Using google forms, questionnaires was administered as tools for measurement. Stress was measured using Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and body image was measured using Multidimensional Body Self Relation Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS). The result shows, for stress variable, most of the fourth semester students from Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi feel stressed. As many as 136 or 84,0% of the subjects, feel stressed, while 26 or 16,0% of the subjects did not feel stress. For body image variable of the students, 108 subjects or 66,7% had a positive body image, and the rest 54 subjects or 33,3% had a negative body image. Keywords : Stress, Body Image, Students, Covid-1

Ga-NMR local susceptibility of the kagome-based magnet SrCr_9pGa_(12-9p)O_19. A high temperature study

We report a high-$T$ Ga-NMR study in the kagome-based antiferromagnetic compound SrCr$_{9p}$Ga$_{12-9p}$O$_{19}$ ($.81\leq p\leq .96$), and present a refined mean-field analysis of the high T local NMR susceptibility of Cr frustrated moments. We find that the intralayer kagome coupling is $J=86(6)$ K, and the interlayer coupling through non-kagome Cr moments is $J^{\prime }=69(7)$ K. The $J^{\prime}/J=0.80(1)$ ratio confirms the common belief that the frustrated entity is a pyrochlore slab.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures Conference paper: Highly Frustrated Magnetism 2000, Waterloo (Canada) Submitted to Canadian Journal of Physic

Age-Related Changes in Processing Speed: Unique Contributions of Cerebellar and Prefrontal Cortex

Age-related declines in processing speed are hypothesized to underlie the widespread changes in cognition experienced by older adults. We used a structural covariance approach to identify putative neural networks that underlie age-related structural changes associated with processing speed for 42 adults ranging in age from 19 to 79 years. To characterize a potential mechanism by which age-related gray matter changes lead to slower processing speed, we examined the extent to which cerebral small vessel disease influenced the association between age-related gray matter changes and processing speed. A frontal pattern of gray matter and white matter variation that was related to cerebral small vessel disease, as well as a cerebellar pattern of gray matter and white matter variation were uniquely related to age-related declines in processing speed. These results demonstrate that at least two distinct factors affect age-related changes in processing speed, which might be slowed by mitigating cerebral small vessel disease and factors affecting declines in cerebellar morphology

Phase diagram of aggregation of oppositely charged colloids in salty water

Aggregation of two oppositely charged colloids in salty water is studied. We focus on the role of Coulomb interaction in strongly asymmetric systems in which the charge and size of one colloid is much larger than the other one. In the solution, each large colloid (macroion) attracts certain number of oppositely charged small colloids ($Z$-ion) to form a complex. If the concentration ratio of the two colloids is such that complexes are not strongly charged, they condense in a macroscopic aggregate. As a result, the phase diagram in a plane of concentrations of two colloids consists of an aggregation domain sandwiched between two domains of stable solutions of complexes. The aggregation domain has a central part of total aggregation and two wings corresponding to partial aggregation. A quantitative theory of the phase diagram in the presence of monovalent salt is developed. It is shown that as the Debye-H\"{u}ckel screening radius $r_s$ decreases, the aggregation domain grows, but the relative size of the partial aggregation domains becomes much smaller. As an important application of the theory, we consider solutions of long double-helix DNA with strongly charged positive spheres (artificial chromatin). We also consider implications of our theory for in vitro experiments with the natural chromatin. Finally, the effect of different shapes of macroions on the phase diagram is discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures. The text is rewritten, but results are not change

Muon Spin Relaxation and Susceptibility Studies of Pure and Doped Spin 1/2 Kagom\'{e}-like system (Cux_xZn1−x_{1-x})3_{3}V2_{2}O7_7(OH)2_{2} 2H2_2O

Muon spin relaxation ($\mu$SR) and magnetic susceptibility measurements have been performed on the pure and diluted spin 1/2 kagom\'{e} system (Cu$_x$Zn$_{1-x}$)$_{3}$V$_{2}$O$_7$(OH)$_{2}$ 2H$_2$O. In the pure $x=1$ system we found a slowing down of Cu spin fluctuations with decreasing temperature towards $T \sim 1$ K, followed by slow and nearly temperature-independent spin fluctuations persisting down to $T$ = 50 mK, indicative of quantum fluctuations. No indication of static spin freezing was detected in either of the pure ($x$=1.0) or diluted samples. The observed magnitude of fluctuating fields indicates that the slow spin fluctuations represent an intrinsic property of kagom\'e network rather than impurity spins.Comment: 4 pges, 4 color figures, Phys. Rev. Lett. in pres

Dynamics of coupled quantum spin chains

Static and dynamical properties of weakly coupled antiferromagnetic spin chains are treated using a mean--field approximation for the interchain coupling and exact results for the resulting effective one--dimensional problem. Results for staggered magnetization, N\'eel temperature and spin wave excitations are in agreement with experiments on $\rm KCuF_3$. The existence of a narrow longitudinal mode is predicted. The results are in agreement with general scaling arguments, contrary to spin wave theory.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, RevTeX 3.0, uuencoded file, some refs adde