Mouse Strain Differences in Female Mice Fed a Short-Term Western Diet

Metabolic disease is typically studied in mouse models of diet-induced obesity. Throughout time, studies have been fairly limited to males of one mouse strain, since sex and strain differences are thought to impact the results. Having these limited study populations may influence the understanding of the effect of sex and genetic background on metabolism. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine metabolic and behavioral differences in short-term feeding of a high fat diet in two popular strains of female mice. Over the course of 6 weeks, female FVB/N (FVB, n=20) and C57BL/6-Ncrl (C57, n=20) mice were fed a Western Diet (WD; 40% calories from fat) or standard chow diet (13% calories from fat). Body weight was measured at weekly intervals and the Open Field Test (OFT) was administered at baseline and 6 weeks to assess behavioral and activity related changes. The OFT consists of a circular arena, where mice were observed for 10 minutes using a video tracking software system to determine distance, speed, and motion. Tissues and blood were harvested after the 6-week feeding period. Overall results identified important strain differences in response to a short-term high fat diet in female mice

Abstract Number ‐ 239: Subcortical Infarcts in Patients with Nonstenotic Cervical Atherosclerotic Disease

Introduction Prior studies have elucidated a relationship between nonstenotic plaque in patients with cryptogenic embolic (cortical) infarcts, however it is unclear if nonstenotic carotid plaque is relevant in subcortical infarct patterns. Methods A nested cohort of consecutive patients with anterior, unilateral, subcortical infarcts without an identifiable embolic source were identified from a prospective stroke registry (September 2019 ‐ June 2021). Patients with extracranial stenosis >50% were excluded. Patients with computed tomography angiography were included and comparisons made according to infarct pattern being lacunar (single lesion < 1.5cm on computed tomography [CT] or < 2.0cm on diffusion weighted imaging [DWI]) versus cryptogenic (≥ 1.5cm on CT or ≥ 2.0cm on DWI, or scattered subcortical lesions). Prevalence estimates for cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) plaque presence were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and differences in plaque thickness and features were compared between sides. Results Of the 1684 who were screened, 141 met inclusion criteria (n = 80 due to small vessel disease, n = 61 cryptogenic). The median age was 66y (interquartile range, IQR 58–73) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 3 (IQR 1–5). There was a higher probability of finding excess plaque ipsilateral to the stroke (41.1%, 95%CI 33.3‐49.3%) than finding excess contralateral plaque (29.1%, 95%CI 22.2‐37.1%; p = 0.03), but this was driven by patients with cryptogenic infarcts (excess ipsilateral vs. contralateral plaque frequency of 49.2% vs. 14.8%, p< 0.001) and not lacunar disease (35.0% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.51). Conclusions The probability of finding ipsilateral, nonstenotic carotid plaque in patients with subcortical cryptogenic strokes exceeds the probability of contralateral plaque and is driven by larger subcortical infarcts, classically defined as being cryptogenic. Approximately 1 in 3 unilateral anterior subcortical infarcts may be due to nonstenotic ICA plaque

Clinical and Safety Outcomes of Endovascular Therapy 6 to 24 Hours After Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke With Tandem Lesions

Background and PurposeEffect of endovascular therapy (EVT) in acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) patients with tandem lesions (TLs) within 6-24 hours after last known well (LKW) remains unclear. We evaluated the clinical and safety outcomes among TL-LVO patients treated within 6-24 hours. MethodsThis multicenter cohort was divided into two groups, based on LKW to puncture time: early window (<6 hours), and late window (6-24 hours). Primary clinical and safety outcomes were 90-day functional independence measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS: 0-2) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Secondary outcomes were successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score ≥2b), first-pass effect, early neurological improvement, ordinal mRS, and in-hospital and 90-day mortality. ResultsOf 579 patients (median age 68, 32.1% females), 268 (46.3%) were treated in the late window and 311 (53.7%) in the early window. Late window group had lower median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission, Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score, rates of intravenous thrombolysis, and higher rates for perfusion imaging. After adjusting for confounders, the odds of 90-day mRS 0-2 (47.7% vs. 45.0%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-1.02), favorable shift in mRS (aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.44-1.76), and sICH (3.7% vs. 5.2%, aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.20-1.56) were similar in both groups. There was no difference in secondary outcomes. Increased time from LKW to puncture did not predicted the probability of 90-day mRS 0-2 (aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.96-1.01, for each hour delay) among patients presenting <24 hours. Conclusion EVT for acute TL-LVO treated within 6-24 hours after LKW was associated with similar rates of clinical and safety outcomes, compared to patients treated within 6 hours