The Effect of Small Samples on Crown-Size Interrelationships

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68211/2/10.1177_00220345770560120701.pd

Low oxygen delivery produced by anemia, hypoxia, and low cardiac output

In pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, oxygen delivery (DO2) was measured by thermodilution cardiac output and cooximeter determined oxygen content, while oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured independently by spirometry. Oxygen delivery was decreased by isovolemic dilutional anemia, breathing hypoxic gas mixtures, or cardiac tamponade to reduce cardiac output. Baseline VO2 (cc/kg/min) for the three groups was 5.9 +/- 0.7 (anemia), 5.4 +/- 0.4 (hypoxia), and 5.6 +/- 0.1 (low C.O.) (NS). A critical level of oxygen delivery (DO2crit) was found at 9-10 cc/kg/min (anemia), 10-11 cc/kg/min (hypoxia), and 9-10 cc/kg/min (low C.O.) (NS.). Below this level, VO2 fell (became supply dependent) and lactic acidosis occurred, regardless of the mechanism of impaired oxygen delivery.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29062/1/0000095.pd

Circadian fluctuation of plasma epinephrine in supine humans

Previous studies have demonstrated circadian fluctuations of systemic catecholamines in man. However, methodological differences and conflicting results with epinephrine are apparent. In the present study, plasma and urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine and plasma cortisol were studied in healthy young adult males over 24 hr with 20 min plasma sampling and EEG monitoring of sleep. Plasma epinephrine did not have a circadian variation in supine subjects. Urinary epinephrine levels and small urinary circadian variations were increased by normal posture and activity. Sleep and sleep stage were not associated with different plasma epinephrine levels, and no ultradian fluctuation was observed. Levels of norepinephrine and cortisol were normal. Based on all studies to date, it appears that basal plasma epinephrine has either a very small amplitude or no circadian rhythm, but that changes in posture and activity or the rest/activity cycle may modify this pattern.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26858/1/0000423.pd

Sex Discriminatory Effectiveness Using Combinations of Permanent Teeth

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66878/2/10.1177_00220345770560062601.pd

Self‐Reported Walking Ability Predicts Functional Mobility Performance in Frail Older Adults

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111093/1/j.1532-5415.2000.tb02630.x.pd

The concept of pattern in craniofacial growth

1. 1. There are semantic and associated problems with the word pattern in biology, particularly in orthodontics and facial growth.2. 2. Pattern, as we use the term, is invariance of relationships--"a set of constraints operating to preserve the integration of parts under varying conditions and through time."3. 3. Craniofacial pattern can be described and quantified by the identification of craniofacial constants, measures that are relatively invariant.4. 4. Growth is change and is best identified by studying those measures of size and shape that vary most sensitively through time over developmental stages.5. 5. The many traditional cephalometric measures that represent well neither pattern nor growth (mixed) are of less clinical utility than either pure pattern indices or growth indices.6. 6. The analytical and conceptual separation of pattern and growth seems useful in analysis of morphology, analysis of growth, prediction of growth, and clinical treatment planning.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23680/1/0000649.pd

Metabolic consequences of sepsis-induced acute lung injury revealed by plasma 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance quantitative metabolomics and computational analysis

Metabolomics is an emerging component of systems biology that may be a viable strategy for the identification and validation of physiologically relevant biomarkers. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy allows for establishing quantitative data sets for multiple endogenous metabolites without preconception. Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex and serious illness associated with high morbidity and mortality for which there is presently no effective pharmacotherapy. The goal of this study was to apply 1H-NMR based quantitative metabolomics with subsequent computational analysis to begin working towards elucidating the plasma metabolic changes associated with sepsis-induced ALI. To this end, this pilot study generated quantitative data sets that revealed differences between patients with ALI and healthy subjects in the level of the following metabolites: total glutathione, adenosine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin. Moreover, myoinositol levels were associated with acute physiology scores (APS) (ρ = −0.53, P = 0.05, q = 0.25) and ventilator-free days (ρ = −0.73, P = 0.005, q = 0.01). There was also an association between total glutathione and APS (ρ = 0.56, P = 0.04, q = 0.25). Computational network analysis revealed a distinct metabolic pathway for each metabolite. In summary, this pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of plasma 1H-NMR quantitative metabolomics because it yielded a physiologically relevant metabolite data set that distinguished sepsis-induced ALI from health. In addition, it justifies the continued study of this approach to determine whether sepsis-induced ALI has a distinct metabolic phenotype and whether there are predictive biomarkers of severity and outcome in these patients

Differential diagnosis of Class II malocclusions : Part 1. Facial types associated with Class II malocclusions

By means of computer-based statistical methods, several types of Class II malocclusion have been discovered with defining horizontal and vertical characteristics. Of the six horizontal types, four are severe syndromes, one is a loose, ill-defined grouping of cases with mild skeletal features, and one has only the dental features of Class II. Five vertical types associated with Class II were also revealed, although each vertical is not associated with all the horizontal types. A simplified simulation of the computerized procedures has been developed for routine use in clinical practice.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23117/1/0000040.pd

Do Respiratory Cycle-Related EEG Changes or Arousals from Sleep Predict Neurobehavioral Deficits and Response to Adenotonsillectomy in Children?

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with hyperactive behavior, cognitive deficits, psychiatric morbidity, and sleepiness, but objective polysomnographic measures of OSA presence or severity among children scheduled for adenotonsillectomy have not explained why. To assess whether sleep fragmentation might explain neurobehavioral outcomes, we prospectively assessed the predictive value of standard arousals and also respiratory cycle-related EEG changes (RCREC), thought to reflect inspiratory microarousals. METHODS: Washtenaw County Adenotonsillectomy Cohort II participants included children (ages 3-12 years) scheduled for adenotonsillectomy, for any clinical indication. At enrollment and again 7.2 ± 0.9 (SD) months later, children had polysomnography, a multiple sleep latency test, parent-completed behavioral rating scales, cognitive testing, and psychiatric evaluation. The RCREC were computed as previously described for delta, theta, alpha, sigma, and beta EEG frequency bands. RESULTS: Participants included 133 children, 109 with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 1.5, mean 8.3 ± 10.6) and 24 without OSA (AHI 0.9 ± 0.3). At baseline, the arousal index and RCREC showed no consistent, significant associations with neurobehavioral morbidities, among all subjects or the 109 with OSA. At follow-up, the arousal index, RCREC, and neurobehavioral measures all tended to improve, but neither baseline measure of sleep fragmentation effectively predicted outcomes (all p > 0.05, with only scattered exceptions, among all subjects or those with OSA). CONCLUSION: Sleep fragmentation, as reflected by standard arousals or by RCREC, appears unlikely to explain neurobehavioral morbidity among children who undergo adenotonsillectomy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT00233194 CITATION: Chervin RD, Garetz SL, Ruzicka DL, Hodges EK, Giordani BJ, Dillon JE, Felt BT, Hoban TF, Guire KE, O'Brien LM, Burns JW. Do respiratory cycle-related EEG changes or arousals from sleep predict neurobehavioral deficits and response to adenotonsillectomy in children?. J Clin Sleep Med 2014;10(8):903-911