Long distance fast data transfer experiments for the ITER Remote Experiment

Developing effective and fast data transfer system for the huge amount data between Europe and Japan is a critical issue for the ITER Remote Experimentation Center (REC). To implement the system, effective data transfer methods and wide bandwidth international network are required.This paper describes results of data transfer experiments. We have evaluated two data transfer methods: Packet Pacing and MMCFTP. By using Packet Pacing and 2.4 Gbps line, we achieved 2.2 Gbps data transfer from NIFS to IFERC. By using MMCFTP and 10 Gbps line, we achieved 2.5 Gbps data transfer from NIFS to Dublin, Ireland. Furthermore, by using MMCFTP and 100Gbps line, we successfully achieved the stable transmission of 1PB of data at approximately 84 Gbps, one of the world’s fastest transmission speeds.This paper also describes the upgrade plan of SINET (a Japanese academic backbone network), which is used for ITER and REC communications. SINET will be upgraded to the network based on 100-Gigabit Ethernet technology in April 2016. Furthermore, direct lines of 20 Gbps (10 Gbps × 2) between Japan and Europe will be introduced. These direct lines will reduce latency between Europe and Japan and will realize higher speed data transfer.•This paper presents fast data transfer experiments using packet pacing and mmcftp and results.•An upgrade plan of Japanese Academic Network SINET is also described.•To send the huge amount of data from ITER to the ITER Remote Experiment Center (REC), effective transfer method and super high-speed internationalnetwork are required.•This paper presents a progress of the investigation for fast transfer method

Evaluating the 21-gene assay Recurrence Score® as a predictor of clinical response to 24 weeks of neoadjuvant exemestane in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

[Background]The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the results of the Recurrence Score (RS) assay and the clinical response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. [Methods]Core biopsy samples at baseline and post-treatment surgical samples were obtained from 80 and 77 of 116 patients, respectively, enrolled in the multicenter prospective study of neoadjuvant exemestane therapy (JFMC34-0601). The 21-gene assay was performed after appropriate manual microdissection. The estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, HER2 and Ki-67 were assayed by immunohistochemistry at a central laboratory. Clinical response was assessed based on the RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) guideline. [Results]Sixty-four core biopsy samples and 52 resection samples met the RS quality requirements. The clinical response rate in those patients with a low RS result (low RS group; 19/32, 59.4 %) was significantly higher than that in those patients with a high RS result (high RS group; 3/15, 20.0 %) (P = 0.015) and similar to that in patients with an intermediate RS result (intermediate RS group; 10/17, 58.8 %). The rates of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) were 90.6 % (29/32) in the low RS group, 76.5 % (13/17) in the intermediate RS group and 46.7 % (7/15) in the high RS group. The odds ratio for BCS adjusted for continuous baseline Ki-67 was 0.114 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.014–0.721; P = 0.028] between the high and low RS groups. RS values in pre-treatment samples were highly correlated with those in post-treatment samples (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.745, 95 % CI 0.592–0.846). [Conclusion]Our results demonstrate the predictive value of the RS for clinical response to neoadjuvant exemestane therapy in postmenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer

Preparatory process preceding the 2014 eruption of Mount Ontake volcano, Japan: Insights from precise leveling measurements 5.Volcanology

Preparatory activity preceding the 2014 eruption of Mount Ontake volcano was estimated from vertical deformation detected using a precise leveling survey. Notable uplift (2006-2009) and subsidence (2009-2014) were detected on the eastern flank of the volcano. We estimated pressure source models based on the vertical deformation and used these to infer preparatory process preceding the 2014 eruption. Our results suggest that the subsidence experienced between 2009 and 2014 (including the period of the 2014 eruption) occurred as a result of a sill-like tensile crack with a depth of 2.5 km. This tensile crack might inflate prior to the eruption and deflate during the 2014 activity. A two-tensile-crack model was used to explain uplift from 2006 to 2009. The geometry of the shallow crack was assumed to be the same as the sill-like tensile crack. The deep crack was estimated to be 2 km in length, 4.5 km in width, and 3 km in depth. Distinct uplifts began on the volcano flanks in 2006 and were followed by seismic activities and a small phreatic eruption in 2007. From the partially surveyed leveling data in August 2013, uplift might continue until August 2013 without seismic activity in the summit area. Based on the uplift from 2006 to 2013, magma ascended rapidly beneath the summit area in December 2006, and deep and shallow tensile cracks were expanded between 2006 and 2013. The presence of expanded cracks between 2007 and 2013 has not been inferred by previous studies. A phreatic eruption occurred on 27 September 2014, and, following this activity, the shallow crack may have deflated

High-performance data transfer for full data replication between iter and the remote experimentation centre

A high-performance data transfer method has been developed for the Remote Experimentation Centre (REC) of ITER in Japan for the first time. The developed technology shows the technical feasibility to establish the REC with full data replication between ITER and REC for remote experiments. Test results showed that it achieved a data transfer rate of approximately 7.9 Giga-bits per second (Gbps) on a 10-Gbps network. The new double-layer storage structure can accelerate the storage read/write speed up to 2 GByte/s. Moreover, the Internet and a layer-2 virtual private network (L2VPN) comparison tests demonstrated that the latter is superior in both security and speed. This technology shows great potential for near real-time full data replication between ITER and REC, which may provide a new style of world-wide remote experimentation