Tlx1-related gene expression analysis.

<p><b>(A)</b> Tlx1 (Hox11)-related gene expression levels were significantly altered. A hierarchical clustering image reveals differences between Samples 1, 2, and 3. <b>(B)</b> Photomicrographs of transplanted islet cells in the spleen on days 0, 154, and 290. Sections were stained with anti-insulin antibody (green) and anti-Rrm2b antibody (red). Scale bars: 100 μm. The yellow boxed regions in the second column were enlarged, and the scale bars are 200 μm. <b>(C)</b> Photomicrographs of transplanted islet cells in the spleen on days 0, 154, and 290. Sections were stained with anti-insulin antibody (green) and anti-Pla2g2d antibody (red). Scale bars: 100 μm. The yellow boxed regions in the second column were enlarged, and the scale bars are 200 μm.</p

Early inflammatory reactions after receiving the marginal number of islets into the liver, beneath the kidney capsules, or into the spleen.

<p><b>(A–C)</b> Plasma MCP-1, G-CSF, and HMGB1 levels were measured 6 hours after islet transplantation into the portal vein (PV), beneath the kidney capsule (KC), or into the spleen (SP) (n = 7). Untreated naïve mice were used as a control (n = 7). Values are means±SD. *p<0.05. <b>(D)</b> Photomicrographs of islet cells after transplantation in the PV, KC, or SP. Sections were stained with anti-Gr-1 or F4/80 followed by staining with Haematoxylin. Scale bars: 100 μm.</p

Long-term effects of intra-splenic islet transplantation.

<p><b>(A)</b> Non-fasting blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice (C57BL/6) transplanted with 25 syngeneic islets in the spleen (SP) and 100 syngeneic islets under the kidney capsule (KC). Individual lines represent glucose levels in each animal. <b>(B)</b> Photomicrographs of transplanted islet cells in the SP on day 290. Sections were stained with anti-insulin antibody followed by hematoxylin. Scale bars: 100 μm. <b>(C)</b> Insulin content was measured after islet transplantation on days 0 (n = 6) and 280 (n = 6). Values are means±SD. *p<0.0001.</p