1,007 research outputs found
(5E)-2-[4,5-Bis(methylsulfanyl)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene]-5-(4-iodo-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3-dithiolan-4-one
The molecular framework of the title compound, C11H7IOS8, is almost planar [maximum deviation = 0.040 (4) Å], except for the two methylsulfanyl groups, which are twisted relative to the molecular skeleton, making C—S—C—C torsion angles of 144.1 (8) and −141.3 (8)°. In the crystal, molecules are stacked alternately in opposite orientations, forming a one-dimensional column parallel to [110]. The primary interactions between molecules comprising the columns are of the S⋯S type [3.554 (1) Å]. Interactions between columns are of the S⋯S type [3.411 (1) along b and 3.444 (1) Å along c], as well as S⋯I contacts [3.435 (2) Å]
5-(4,5-Diiodo-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-4′,5′-bis(methylsulfanyl)-2,2′-bi-1,3-dithiole-4(5H)-thione
The molecular skeleton of the title molecule, C11H6I2S9, is nearly planar [maximum deviation 0.052 (3) Å] except for the two methyl groups. In the crystal, molecules related by translation along b axis are associated into columns through π–π interactions between the five-membered rings, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.593 (5) Å. Interaction between adjacent columns is accomplished by short S⋯I contacts of 3.2099 (4) Å
Dispensabilities of Carbonic Anhydrase in Proteobacteria
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) (E.C. 4.2.1.1) is a ubiquitous enzyme catalysing interconversion between CO2 and bicarbonate. The irregular distribution of the phylogenetically distinct classes of CA in procaryotic genome suggests its complex evolutionary history in procaryotes. Genetic evidence regarding the dispensability of CA under high-CO2 air in some model organisms indicates that CA-deficient microorganisms can persist in the natural environment by choosing high-CO2 niches. In this study, we studied the distribution of CA in the genome of Proteobacteria. While a large majority of the genome-sequenced Proteobacteria retained a CA gene(s), intracellular bacterial genera such as Buchnera and Rickettsia contained CA-defective strains. Comparison between CA-retaining and CA- deficient genomes showed the absence of whole coding sequence in some strains and the presence of frameshifted coding sequence in other strains. The evidence suggests that CA is inactivated and lost in some proteobacteria during the course of evolution based on its dispensability
Finite- scaling analysis of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transitions and entanglement spectrum for the six-state clock model
We investigate the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions for the
square-lattice six-state clock model with the corner-transfer matrix
renormalization group (CTMRG). Scaling analyses for effective correlation
length, magnetization, and entanglement entropy with respect to the cutoff
dimension at the fixed point of CTMRG provide transition temperatures
consistent with a variety of recent numerical studies. We also reveal that the
fixed point spectrum of the corner transfer matrix in the critical intermediate
phase of the six-state clock model is characterized by the scaling dimension
consistent with the boundary conformal field theory associated with the
effective dual sine-Gordon model.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Integrated Method to Evaluate Acid Stimulation of Horizontal Wells in Carbonate Reservoir through Treatment Pressure Analysis
Unlocking a tight carbonate formation for oil and gas production by multi-stage acid stimulation is a relatively cost-effective method as an alternative to propped fracturing for production enhancement. Depending on whether treatment pressure is below or above the formation closure stress, acid stimulation is basically divided into matrix acidizing and acid fracturing. In this study, practical methodology to evaluate both matrix acidizing and acid fracturing through treatment monitoring is presented respectively.
For matrix acidizing, monitoring and optimizing a matrix acidizing has been achieved by integrating a forward model used in acidizing design for horizontal wells with a real-time monitoring model for skin evolution during the stimulation. The effect of acidizing is described as an overall skin factor change, and productivity improvement is predicted for the treatment. Then the field treatment data monitored on-site was used to estimate the skin response by treatment injection. History matching procedure of design and actual treatment data will be carried out to update near-wellbore and key wormholing parameters. Through sensitivity study, which parameter should be updated is discussed. Finally optimum rate schedule is identified based on updated parameters.
Meanwhile, for acid fracturing treatment, new method for real-time monitoring of acid fracturing, the inverse injectivity vs. superposition time function plot is proposed, subject to the condition that the treatment pressure is above closure pressure after the breakdown. Combining a linear dual-porosity transient slab model with injectivity concept, actual growing cross-sectional area induced by acid fracturing treatment can be monitored in real-time. After production starts, linear flow diagnostic approach with rate-transient analysis provides cross-sectional area flowing from matrix, which is compared with the area induced by acid fracturing during the stimulation. The treatment efficiency provides engineers with additional information as to whether the designed acid fracturing was performed appropriately under the in-situ closure stress field.
A field case example of both multi-stage matrix acidizing and acid fracturing acid in horizontal well are also presented respectively in the study to illustrate the application of the approach developed, and to show the value of the integrated approach to monitor and diagnose acid stimulation in horizontal wells
The shielding effect of HTS power cable based on E-J power law
A method for analysing the current distribution in high-T/sub c/ superconducting (HTS) power cable is examined by the aid of the novel use of anisotropic conductivity and 3-D finite element method considering E-J power law characteristic. The detailed current distribution in the cable is illustrated and the shielding effect of HTS shield layer with intervals is also examined. It is shown that AC losses in shield layer with intervals are increased when the interval between wires becomes large
2,5-Bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3-dithiolane-4-thione
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C9H4S7, contains two independent molecules, in one of which the central five-membered ring is disordered over two orientations in a 0.924 (3):0.076 (3) ratio. The molecular skeleton is almost planar: the average distance of the atoms from their mean plane is 0.128 (7) Å in the ordered molecule, and 0.088 (5) and 0.123 (2) Å in the major and minor disorder components, respectively. The ordered and disordered molecules form separate columns by stacking along the b axis. Adjacent columns interact via short S⋯S [3.33 (2), 3.434 (3), 3.444 (2), 3.503 (2), 3.519 (3) and 3.53 (4) Å] and S⋯H [2.814 (2), 2.87 (7), 2.92 (2), 2.9269 (18), 2.93 (2), 2.94 (2), 2.939 (2), 2.967 (2) and 2.974 (1) Å] contacts
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