Olimpik stil halterde elit ve sub-elit kadın haltercilerin Q-açıları

The aim of this study is to determine the quadriceps femoris muscle angle (Q-angle) of elite and sub-elite female weightlifters, and also to examine the relationship of Q-angle with some physical parameters, training experience and weightlifting performances.Elite weightlifters (EWL) participating in international Olympic style weightlifting championships (n=18) and sub-elite healthy female weightlifters participating in weightlifting championships in National-International Weightlifting Tournaments participated in the research (n=18). The Qangles were determined with a goniometer in the supine position at rest. Also, thigh length (TL), thigh girth (TG), pelvic width (PW) and knee extension-flexion muscle strength were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS program. p< .05 was accepted significantly.No difference was observed between the demographic and anthropometric values of the EWLs and sub-EWLs (except for age; p>.05). It was determined that the right-left Q-angle values of the sub-EWLs (16.67±2.43o and 18.28±2.70o , respectively) were greater than the EWLs (14.56±2.68o ± and 14.94±2.21o , respectively, p<.05, p<.001, respectively). Differences were detected between the right-left Q-angles of sub-EWLs (p<.05). In sub-EWLs, it was observed that the right Q-angle was positively correlated with weightlifting performances and training experience (p<.05).In this study, it was observed that while weightlifting performance increased depending on the elite weightlifting level, the Q-angle decreased.Bu araştırmanın amacı, elit ve sub-elit kadın halter sporcularının quadriseps femoris kas açısını (Q açısı) belirlemek ve ayrıca, Q açısının bazı fiziksel parametreler, spor seviyeleri ve halter performansları ile ilişkisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya uluslararası Olimpik halter şampiyonalarına katılan elit halterciler (EH), (n=18) ve ulusal-uluslararası halter turnuvalarında halter şampiyonalarına katılan sub-elit sağlıklı kadın halterciler (n=18) katılmıştır. Q açıları, sporcular sırtüstü yatar pozisyonunda hareketsizken bir gonyometre ile ölçüldü. Ayrıca, uyluk uzunluğu (UU), uyluk çevresi (UÇ), pelvik genişlik (PG) ve diz ekstansiyon-fleksiyon kas kuvvetleri ölçüldü. İstatistiksel analiz; t-Test, eşleştirilmiş örneklem t-Testi ve Pearson korelasyon analizleri ile SPSS programıyla yapıldı. p< .05 anlamlı olarak kabul edildi. EH ve sub-EH’lerin demografik ve antropometrik değerleri arasında yaş haricinde fark gözlenmedi (p>.05). Sub-EH'lerin sağ-sol Q açısı değerlerinin (sırasıyla 16,67±2,43o ve 18,28±2,70o ) EH'lerden (sırasıyla 14,56±2,68o ± ve 14,94±2,21o ), p<.05, p<.001, sırasıyla) daha büyük olduğu belirlendi. Sub-EH'lerin sağ-sol Q açıları arasında da farklılıklar tespit edildi (p<.05). SubEH'lerde sağ Q açısının vücut kitle indeksi, sağ UU, sol UÇ, PG, halter performansları ve spor geçmişi ile pozitif ve anlamlı olarak ilişkili olduğu görüldü (p<.05). Bu araştırmada, elit halter seviyesine bağlı olarak halter performansı artarken, Q açısının azaldığı gözlendi

Ultrasonographic Measurements of the Achilles Tendon Thickness of Men and Women Athletes in Olympic Weightlifting

Objectives: The study aims to investigate the Achilles tendon thickness of men, women athletes in Olympic weightlifting and sedentary individuals.Methods: This research study was conducted on 4 groups, comprising of athletes in Olympic weightlifting (n= 25 men, n=25 women) and sedentary individuals (n=25 men, n=25 women), aged 18-19 years. Ultrasonography was performed on the Achilles tendon of the two limbs of 100 individuals. Results: The mean thickness of the Achilles tendon was significantly larger in the athletes than in the sedentary individuals. No correlation was found between the age, height, body weight of the athletes and the thickness of the Achilles tendon.Conclusion: In conclusion, we state that in addition to the following hypertrophic development of the Achilles tendon in athletes in weightlifting, future studies including force parameters may be beneficial

The Study of Effects of Olympic-Style Weightlifting Trainings on the Thickness of the Quadriceps Femoris Tendon of Athletes

Objectives: The study aims to investigate the thickness of the quadriceps femoris tendon in Olympic-style weightlifting athletes and sedentary individuals. Methods: The study included 25 women and 25 men Olympic-style weightlifting athletes aged 18-19 years as the study group and 25 women and 25 men sedentary individuals as the control group. In the study, the thickness of the quadriceps femoris tendon on both knees was measured by ultrasonographic imaging. Results: The mean thickness of the quadriceps femoris tendon was significantly larger in the athletes than in the sedentary individuals. No correlation was found between the age, height, training years of the athletes and the thickness of the quadriceps femoris tendon. Conclusion: It might be stated that Olympic-style weightlifting has a hypertrophic effect on the quadriceps femoris tendon of athletes

The Impacts of Elastic Band Training on the Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles of Olympic-Style Weightlifters

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to examine the impacts of elastics band trainings, which were applied for 12 weeks on the Olympic-style weightlifters, on their sportive performances and psoas, ilacus, and quadratus lumborum muscle volumes.Materials and Methods: This research study was conducted on 4 groups, comprising of 12 men (elastic band training group (n=6), control group (n=6)), and 12 women (elastic band training group (n=6), control group (n=6)) Olympic-style weightlifters. The athletes in the elastic band training groups were engaged in standing hip flexion exercises, clamshell exercises, lying hip flexion exercises, and side bend exercises. Before and after the elastic band training applied to the Olympic-style weightlifters for 12 weeks, (1.5 Tesla) MRI device was used for the axial images of the regions starting from the 12th thoracic vertebrae to the trochanter minor of femur. The volume calculations of the muscles were conducted via the Cavalieri method.Results: After the elastic band training, it was determined that the total volume of posterior abdominal wall muscles of the men and women weightlifters in the elastic band training groups and the total weights lifted by them were higher compared to those of the control group individuals (p<0,001).Conclusion: As the result, it can be stated that including the posterior abdominal wall muscle developing trainings into the general programs of the weightlifters in the Olympic weightlifting sport can both enable an increase in the volumes of the muscles in this region and positively influence the performance of the athletes

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS ANGLE OF ELITE AND NON-ELITE ATHLETES IN OLYMPIC STYLE WEIGHTLIFTING

OBJECTIVE: To find out the quadriceps femoris angle (Q-angle) values of elite and non-elite athletes in Olympic style weightlifting. METHODS: This study included 22 male elite athletes that won medals in international Olympic style weightlifting championships and 22 male non-elite athletes who won medals in national Olympic style weightlifting championships. A goniometer was used to determine the angle of the quadriceps femoris muscle while the athletes were in supine position and the muscle was inactivated.  Anthropometric measurements of right-left thigh and lower leg length, right-left thigh and calf girth, and pelvic width of athletes were obtained. One repetition maximum of snatch, clean and jerk and leg strength of the athletes was recorded. To study demographic characteristics and some anthropometric values of lower extremity of the athletes, t-Test was conducted for independent groups. To compare anthropometric measurements of right-left lower extremity and right-left Q-angle values, paired sample t-Test was used. Right-left Q-angle values and relations among other variables were studied by Pearson correlation analysis. SPSS was used for all analyses. RESULTS: Mean age was 19.73±2.97 years and 18.73±1.55 years for of elite and non-elite athletes respectively. No significant difference was observed in demographic characteristics and in some anthropometric values of lower extremity of elite and non-elite athletes (p>0.05). However, right-left Q-angle values of non-elite athletes (10.14±1.55o and 10.14±1.52o, respectively) were higher than the right-left Q-angle values of elite athletes (8.32±1.39o and 8.32±1.32o, respectively) [p<0.003]. CONCLUSIONS: Olympic style weightlifting, which is maintained in elite level, affects the quadriceps femoris angle

Вивчення кореляції між силою кисті і деякими антропометричними характеристиками верхньої кінцівки спортсменів еліти і субеліти у важкій атлетиці олімпійського стилю.

Background and Study Aim: Handgrip strength is widely used as a functionality parameter of the upper extremity and general health. The measurement of handgrip strength by dynamometry is a low cost, noninvasive method of simple applicability. The study aims to find out handgrip strength and its correlation with some anthropometric characteristics of the upper extremity and weightlifting performance of elite (international medalists) and sub-elite (national medalists) Olympic style weightlifting athletes. Material and Methods: We obtained anthropometric measurements of upper extremity of elite athletes (n=25 male, n= 20 female) and sub-elite athletes (n=25 male, n=29 female) in the study. Dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength measurements of the groups were obtained by a Jamar dynamometer, according to the recommendations of the American Association of Hand Therapists. Results:No statistically significant difference was observed in non-dominant handgrip strength of male elite and sub-elite weightlifting athletes. Similarly, no significant difference was observed in between some anthropometric characteristics of upper extremity and dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength of female elite and sub-elite weightlifting athletes. We didn’t find any asymmetry between dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength of study groups. We found a significant correlation between dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength of male and female elite athletes and their height, body weight, BMI and weightlifting performance. Conclusions: Consequently, we might explain that adding special exercises into the general trainings of athletes to develop handgrip strength might contribute to the weightlifting performance of the athletes.&nbsp;Цель: Сила кисти широко используется в качестве параметра функциональности верхней конечности и общего состояния здоровья. Измерение силы кисти с помощью динамометрии является недорогим, неинвазивным методом простого применения. Целью исследования является определение силы кисти и ее взаимосвязи с некоторыми антропометрическими характеристиками верхней конечности и показателями у элитных (международные медалисты) и субэлитных (национальные медалисты) спортсменов в тяжелой атлетике олимпийского стиля. Материал: Мы получили антропометрические измерения верхней конечности спортсменов элиты (n = 25 мужчин, n = 20 женщин) и субэлитных спортсменов (n = 25 мужчин, n = 29 женщин) в исследовании. Измерения силы доминантной и недоминантной рук в группах были получены с помощью динамометра Jamar в соответствии с рекомендациями Американской ассоциации ручных терапевтов. Результаты: Не было выявлено статистически значимых различий в силе недоминантной руки у элитных мужчин и субэлитных тяжелоатлетов. Аналогичным образом, не наблюдалось существенного различия между некоторыми антропометрическими характеристиками верхней конечности и силой доминирующей и недоминантной рук женщин элитных и субэлитных спортсменов тяжелой атлетики. Мы не обнаружили какой-либо асимметрии между силой доминирующей и недоминантной рук в учебных группах. Мы обнаружили значительную корреляцию между силой доминирующей и недоминантной рук у элитных спортсменов мужского и женского пола и их ростом, массой тела, ИМТ и показателями тяжелой атлетики. Выводы: Следовательно, мы могли бы объяснить, что добавление специальных упражнений к общим тренировкам спортсменов для развития силы кисти может способствовать повышению работоспособности спортсменов в тяжелой атлетике.Мета: Сила кисті широко використовується в якості параметра функціональності верхньої кінцівки і загального стану здоров'я. Вимірювання сили кисті за допомогою динамометрії є недорогим, неінвазивним методом простого застосування. Метою дослідження є визначення сили кисті і її взаємозв'язку з деякими антропометричними характеристиками верхньої кінцівки та показниками у елітних (міжнародні медалісти) і субелітних (національні медалісти) спортсменів у важкій атлетиці олімпійського стилю. Матеріал: Ми отримали антропометричні вимірювання верхньої кінцівки спортсменів еліти (n = 25 чоловіків, n = 20 жінок) і субелітних спортсменів (n = 25 чоловіків, n = 29 жінок) у дослідженні. Вимірювання сили домінантної і недоминантної рук в групах були отримані за допомогою динамометра Jamar відповідно до рекомендацій Американської асоціації ручних терапевтів. Результати: Не було виявлено статистично значущих відмінностей в силі недоминантної руки у елітних чоловіків і субелітних важкоатлетів. Аналогічним чином, не спостерігалося суттєвої різниці між деякими антропометричними характеристиками верхньої кінцівки і домінуючою і недоминантної рук жінок елітних і субелітних спортсменів важкої атлетики. Ми не виявили будь-якої асиметрії між силою домінуючою і недоминантної рук в навчальних групах. Ми виявили значну кореляцію між силою домінуючою і недоминантної рук у елітних спортсменів чоловічої і жіночої статі і їх ростом, масою тіла, ІМТ і показниками важкої атлетики. Висновки: Отже, ми могли б пояснити, що додавання спеціальних вправ до загальних тренувань спортсменів для розвитку сили кисті може сприяти підвищенню працездатності спортсменів у важкій атлетиці

The study of the cross-sectional areas of the gluteal muscles on magnetic resonance images of the weightlifting athletes

M. gluteus maximus is the most important extensor and lateral rotator of the hip. It is often used to accelerate the body upward and forward from a position of hip flexion. Mm. glutei medius and minimus are referred to as small gluteal muscles. Both muscles are the most important abductors and medial rotators of the thigh. Their action stabilises the hip during standing and walking and prevents the tilting of the pelvis to the contralateral side while standing on one leg. This study aims to examine the cross-sectional areas of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles on magnetic resonance images of olympic style weightlifting athletes (male n = 15, age: 20.00±2.54, height: 1.73±0.54 m, weight: 78.70±14.96 kg; female n = 12, age: 20.75±1.49, height: 1.60±0.64 m, weight: 57.37±8.30 kg) and sedentary individuals (male n = 15, age: 19.9±2.15, height: 1.74±0.53 m, weight: 79±15 kg; female n = 12, age: 20.75±1.36, height: 1.60±0.058 m, weight: 56.68±7.64 kg). The cross-sectional areas of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles were assessed bilaterally using magnetic resonance imaging. It was observed that the cross-sectional areas of the right and left gluteus maximus of male weightlifting athletes were larger than those of sedentary males (z(28)= 2.013, p< .05, z(28)= 1.991, p < .05; respectively). Similarly, it was also found that that the cross-sectional areas of the right and left gluteus maximus of female weightlifting athletes were larger than those of sedentary females (z(22)= 3.296, p< .001, z(22)= 3.726, p [removed].05). It might be stated that olympic style weightlifting trainings have a hypertrophic effect on the cross-sectional area of the gluteus maximus muscle of the athletes

The relative age effect in the European Weightlifting Championships 2015-2019 (male and female) Effetto dell'eta relativa nei campionati europei di sollevamento pesi 2015-2019 (uomini e donne)

WOS:000925780600007In terms of sporting activities, the relative age effect means the possible advantages of participation and performance of athletes who were born closer to the beginning of the year of selection corresponding to other athletes within the same age category. The aim of this study is to investigate the relative age effect on male and female athletes Olympic weightlifting athletes that participated in the European Weightlifting Championships from 2015 to 2019. Moreover, the study also aims to find out the birthdate quarter of elite athletes who ranked in the first three medalists in the championships METHODS: This study examines the relative age effect on male (N.=1931) and female (N.=1514) weightlifting athletes who participated in the European Weightlifting Championships from 2015 to 2019 held by the European Weightlifting Federation. A traditional approach to analyze the data and to study the relative age effects is to cat(October to December). To analyze the distribution of the participants by quarter, the Chi-square test was used. The level of significance was set at P<0.05.RESULTS: In male under 15 and youth age category, the rate of athletes born in the Q1 was observed to be higher than the rates of athletes born in the Q2, Q3 and Q4. In female groups, the rate of under 15 born in the Q2 was higher than the rate of the athletes born in the Q4 and the athletes born in the Q2 in junior age category was found to be higher than the rates of Q1, Q3 and Q4. It was also observed that the male athletes in under15 category that ranked in the first three medalists in weightlifting championships were born in the Q1, whereas the female athletes in junior category ranking in the first three medalists were born in the Q2.CONCLUSIONS: From our study findings, it was found that, irrespective of body weight categories, the relative age effects exist in both male (except junior and senior categories) and female weightlifting athletes (except youth and (Cite this article as: Isik B, Erdagi K. The relative age effect in the European Weightlifting Championships 2015-2019 (male and female). Med Sport 2022;75:546-59. DOI: 10.23736/S0025-7826.22.04182-5

The study of relative age effects on weightlifting athletes in U15 and youth age groups

Within the sporting scope, the relative age effects refer to the possible advantages of participation and performance of athletes born in the first months of the year of selection in relation to others within the same age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative age effects by comparing athletes in different body weight categories in the Under 15 (U-15) and youth age group athletes (males and females) in weightlifting. By using retrospective competition data from the Turkish Weightlifting Federation database, a total of 954 Olympic-style weightlifters (U15 and Youth age groups), 605 males and 349 females), who competed in the Turkish Weightlifting Championships between 2018 and 2019, were included in this study. The data on the birthdates of the athletes were divided into four quarters. The athletes were divided into three subset weight classes. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test. In males, the relative age effects were determined in lightweight athletes in the under 15 age group (χ²(3)= 10.00, p.05). It can be stated that weightlifting athletes, under 15 age and youth age groups (except youth females), born in the first quarter of the year have a higher chance of success in athletic performance

The relative age effects on senior weightlifting athletes in Turkey

WOS:000756685000049Relative age effect has been used to refer to the age differences between individuals who have been grouped together in a sports competition. The aim of this study is to analyze the birth date distribution of the senior athletes in Olympic style weightlifting, who participated in Turkish Weightlifting Championships between the years 2018 and 2020. This study also aims to find out the quarter of the year in which elite athletes with ranking in the first three in weightlifting championships were born. The data collection was obtained from the website of the Turkish Weightlifting Federation with a sample made of 478 senior athletes in the last five Turkish Weightlifting Championships (2018, 2019 and 2020). The players' birthdates were classified into four seasons of 3 months starting from January to March inclusive (Q1) and ending with October to December inclusive (Q4). The weightlifters were divided into subset weight categories; lightweight, middleweight, heavyweight. The quarter of the year in which elite senior athletes ranking in the first three in championships were born was also obtained. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 series of Chi-Square tests. Statistical significance level was set at p< 0,05. In male group of the study, the relative age effects were determined in lightweight (chi(2) (3)= 28.08, p < .001) and middleweight category (chi(2) (3)= 23.60, p < .001). Significant relative age effects for female athletes were observed in middleweight category (chi(2) (3)= 13,15, p < .01). Both for male and female groups, the athletes ranking in the first three in the competitions were observed to be born in the Q1 of the year (chi(2) (3) = 10.57, p <.01); (chi(2) (3)= 11.68, p < .01) respectively). In male and female senior groups, significant relative age effects are present on athletes in Olympic style weightlifting regardless of their body weight category