Public Policy, Employment, and Welfare in an Efficiency Wage Model

This paper develops an efficiency wage model to highlight public policy for relieving unemployment. For the purposes of relief, we present unemployment benefits, public employment programs and wage subsidies. The results show that unemployment benefits have a negative effect on the employment rate, while public employment and wage subsidies have a positive effect. The impact of these policies on social welfare is also considered.

コピー数異常を伴う胃腸上皮化生の拡大は領域性の癌化に寄与する

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第24138号医博第4878号新制||医||1060(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 村川 泰裕, 教授 波多野 悦朗, 教授 武藤 学学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

ブランド態度に対する店舗立地イメージと自己概念調和の影響 服飾品ブランドのラグジュアリー性水準に基づく店舗立地戦略の検討

早大学位記番号:新8111早稲田大

Fibroblasts as Local Immune Modulators in Ocular Allergic Disease

ABSTRACTVernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), a severe form of ocular allergic disease, is characterized by the formation of giant papillae at the upper tarsal conjunctiva and corneal lesions that threaten vision. Recent evidence indicates that resident fibroblasts function as immune modulators in the pathogenesis of the chronic allergic inflammation associated with VKC. The T helper 2 (Th2) cell-derived cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 stimulate the migration and proliferation of conjunctival fibroblasts as well as protecting these cells from apoptotic cell death, effects that likely underlie the hyperplasia of fibroblasts that contributes to the formation of giant papillae. Conjunctival fibroblasts also synthesize extracellular matrix proteins and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as well as down-regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in response to these cytokines, effects that likely contribute to the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix that is characteristic of giant papillae. Stimulation of fibroblasts in the corneal stroma with the combination of a proinflammatory cytokine and either IL-4 or IL-13 results in up-regulation of the expression of the chemokine eotaxin and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine as well as of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, which together mediate the infiltration and activation of eosinophils and Th2 cells. Fibroblasts therefore appear to play a central role in the induction and amplification of ocular allergic inflammation and the consequent development of giant papillae and corneal disorders in individuals with VKC. Fibroblasts and fibroblast-derived factors thus represent new and potentially important therapeutic targets for treatment of the giant papillae and corneal disorders associated with VKC

Severe macular edema induced by pioglitazone in a patient with diabetic retinopathy: a case study

We report a case of severe diabetic macular edema (DME) that developed after pioglitazone was used by a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. A 30-year-old woman with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus visited our clinic in 2004. She had moderate pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy OU. Because of the rapid progression of the diabetic retinopathy, she received pan-retinal photocoagulation in both eyes. Two weeks before using pioglitazone, her visual acuity was 0.9 OD and 0.7 OS. On October 2007, pioglitazone was prescribed by her internist because of poorly controlled blood glucose level. Two weeks later, her body weight increased, and her face became edematous. Her visual acuity decreased to 0.5 OU, and ophthlamoscopy showed severe DME in both eyes. Two weeks after stopping pioglitazone, her visual acuity improved to 0.8 OD and 0.5 OS, but the DME was still severe in the optical coherence tomographic images. Then, one half the usual dose (25 mg) of spironolactone, a diuretic, was given and her macular edema was resolved. Her final visual acuity improved to 0.9 OD and 0.7 OS. We recommend that when a patient taking pioglitazone complains of decreased vision, the physician should promptly consult an ophthalmologist

Time-resolved measurements of two-color laser light emitted from GaAs/AlGaAs-coupled multilayer cavity

We measured the two-color laser oscillation from a GaAs/AlGaAs-coupled multilayer cavity at 18–42 °C using current injection. We confirmed simultaneous lasing by detecting the sum frequency generation signal generated by the two-color laser light, and performed time-resolved measurement using a streak camera with a spectrometer. From the observed time transient of the spectra at various temperatures, it it is clarified that the temperature change of the device, induced by current injection, modulates the effective cavity length. Therefore, the temperature control of the device is a key factor in stable two-color lasing and THz wave generation