Validation structurelle d'auto-questionnaires psychologiques: apports et limites de l'analyse factorielle confirmatoire

L’usage de questionnaires d’auto-évaluation, notamment en psychologie et en médecine, est une pratique courante de recueil de données tant pour l’usage clinique que pour la recherche.Pour que l’usage de ces outils – certes pratiques – rende vraiment les services qu’on attend d’eux, l’élaboration d’une théorie conceptuelle ainsi qu’une série de précautions méthodologiques, liées aux exigences de qualité que sont les propriétés de fiabilité et validité, doivent assurer que les construits psychologiques soient le plus correctement possible représentés, mesurés. Dans le présent travail, l’ambition de l’équipe de recherche (sous la direction du Professeur P. Linkowski) de disposer en Français de plusieurs questionnaires d’évaluation de traits psycho(patho)logiques, combinée à la disponibilité de larges groupes d’étudiants, a mené à élaborer un vaste projet consistant à valider la structure interne de plusieurs outils d’auto-évaluation par l’analyse factorielle confirmatoire, assez novatrice en sciences biomédicales et en psychologie à l’époque. C’est une synthèse de ces recherches psychométriques, spécifiquement destinées à contribuer à la validation structurelle des questionnaires d’Intelligence Émotionnelle et de Contingences d’Estime de Soi, ainsi que du Quotient de Spectre Autistique, que nous présentons ci-après. Après avoir notamment développé le thème épineux de la mesure en psychologie et l’évolution historique du processus de validation, nous discutons des résultats de nos analyses afin de mettre finalement en exergue la difficile évaluation statistique et substantielle de l’ajustement des modèles de mesure, et plus largement de leur qualité, par l’analyse factorielle confirmatoire dont les apports et les limites sont esquissés.Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Réussite en 3ème doctorat de médecine à l'Université libre de Bruxelles: lien avec les trois premières candidatures chez des étudiants de 1ère génération

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RYTHMIE DU SOMMEIL PARADOXAL CHEZ UNE ADULTE

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aspects polysomnographiques et cliniques des mouvements périodiques des membres durant le sommeil

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A rhythmic movement disorder in REM sleep: A case report

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Rhythmic body movements in REM sleep: a case-report.

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La réussite en candidatures (1er cycle) de médecine est-elle corrélée à la performance en 3ème doctorat? Comportement d'étudiants de 1 ère génération à l'Université libre de Bruxelles sous le numerus clausus

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How does success in the 1st cycle of medical school relate to outcome in the 3rd doctorate? Behavior of 1st generation students at the Brussels Free University under the numerus clausus

The aim of our work was to use the results of the 1st cycle of study in medical school to explore success in 3rd doctorate students in two cohorts (n = 82) of 1st generation students in the numerus clausus system. Because of the homogeneity of mean percentages in the two cohorts and the nil cohort effect on the evolution of performance across study years, the two samples were combined for further analyses. While success (end-of-year percentage) in each of the 3 years of the 1st cycle was positively correlated to success in the other two, the positions (according to ranks) of the students in their group only weakly coincided, if at all, between the 1st cycle and the 3d doctorate. The analysis of correlations between percentages in the 4 years (3 years in the 1st cycle and 3d doctorate) showed that 25% of the variance in the 3d doctorate is shared with outcome in the 1st year and only 7% with that in the 2d year; outcome in the 3d year of the 1st cycle did not contribute at all to outcome in the 3d doctorate. Besides, the chance of an excellent success in the 3d doctorate, defined as being among the 10 best performers, was positively associated to the end-of-year percentage in the 1st year, while neither 2d year nor 3d year results contributed to the prediction, as the logistic regression analysis demonstrated. These results, with a significant contribution of the 1st study year outcome to the success in the 3d doctorate of medical school, were obtained in the context of the numerus clausus and contrast with those obtained in a study preceding this selective procedure, and showing instead the 3d year of the 1st cycle as more predictive. This result could be taken as supporting the very newly established selection process at the end of the 1st study year.English AbstractJournal Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Aspects cliniques et neurophysiologiques de l'insomnie psychophysiologique

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Sleep EEG and amitryptiline treatment in depressed inpatients

We studied the baseline sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) variables and treatment-related sleep changes after 35-46 days of amitryptiline treatment (AMI) in a group of 18 depressed inpatients, mostly suffering from major depressive disorder endogenous sybtype (according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria, RDC), with a short rapid eye movement (REM) latency. The aim of the study was to identify potential sleep 'predictors' of clinical response to AMI as well as short-term sleep changes associated with alleviation of depression. Clinical response to the drug was defined as a reduction of more than 50% of the Hamilton Rating Score for Depression (HRSD). Eleven men and 7 women, 25-68 years old, were included in the study. Their sleep was recorded at baseline and after an average of 39 ± 4 days of AMI treatment, at a mean daily dose of 165 ± 35 mg. The comparison of responders (n = 9) and nonresponders (n = 9) with Wilcoxon's test showed that responders (1) were more severely depressed at baseline, and (2) had less stage 4 sleep. A discriminant function using baseline HRSD, stage 4 and the number of stage shifts allowed for discrimination between responders and nonresponders with a 100% hit rate. Antidepressant treatment had, however, no differential effect on sleep parameters in the two response groups.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe