The biomechanical strength of olecranon fixation constructs: a systematic review and meta-regression

Olecranon fractures are often operative when displaced over 2 mm, but the most stable fixation construct is debated. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of biomechanical properties of the most commonly used surgical fixations of olecranon fractures. This systematic review included 13 biomechanical studies comparing displacement during cyclic loading of olecranon fractures fixated with either tension band wiring (TBW), intramedullary screw, or plate fixation. In regard to overall gapping, plates displayed (and screws trended towards) increased stability versus TBW. However, there was no difference between the constructs in gapping at the articular surface. Plating displayed increased stability along the posterior surface. No construct allowed gapping over 2 mm, suggesting safe early post-operative motion with any of the techniques

Rates of diagnostic transition and cognitive change at 18-month follow-up among 1,112 participants in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL)

Background: The Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Flagship Study of Ageing is a prospective study of 1,112 individuals (211 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 133 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 768 healthy controls (HCs)). Here we report diagnostic and cognitive findings at the first (18-month) follow-up of the cohort. The first aim was to compute rates of transition from HC to MCI, and MCI to AD. The second aim was to characterize the cognitive profiles of individuals who transitioned to a more severe disease stage compared with those who did not. Methods: Eighteen months after baseline, participants underwent comprehensive cognitive testing and diagnostic review, provided an 80 ml blood sample, and completed health and lifestyle questionnaires. A subgroup also underwent amyloid PET and MRI neuroimaging. Results: The diagnostic status of 89.9% of the cohorts was determined (972 were reassessed, 28 had died, and 112 did not return for reassessment). The 18-month cohort comprised 692 HCs, 82 MCI cases, 197 AD patients, and one Parkinson's disease dementia case. The transition rate from HC to MCI was 2.5%, and cognitive decline in HCs who transitioned to MCI was greatest in memory and naming domains compared to HCs who remained stable. The transition rate from MCI to AD was 30.5%. Conclusion: There was a high retention rate after 18 months. Rates of transition from healthy aging to MCI, and MCI to AD, were consistent with established estimates. Follow-up of this cohort over longer periods will elucidate robust predictors of future cognitive decline.12 page(s