Eigenvalues of Dirichlet Laplacian within the class of open sets with constant diameter

This paper is about a shape optimization problem related to the Dirichlet Laplacian eingevalues in the Euclidean plane. More precisely we study the shape of the minimizer in the class of open sets of constant width. We prove that the disk is not a local minimizer except for a limited number of eigenvalues

Pregnancy glucagon-like peptide 1 predicts insulin but not glucose concentrations

Aims Incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) cause increased insulin secretion in non-pregnant adults, but their role in pregnancy, where there are additional metabolically-active hormones from the placenta, is less clear. The aim of the present study was to assess if fasting and post-load incretin concentrations were predictive of pregnancy insulin and glucose concentrations. Methods Pregnant women (n = 394) with one or more risk factors for gestational diabetes were recruited at 28 weeks for a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Glucose, insulin, GLP-1 and GIP were measured in the fasting state and 120 min after glucose ingestion. Results Fasting plasma GLP-1 concentrations were associated with plasma insulin (standardised β’ 0.393 (0.289–0.498), p = 1.3 × 10–12; n = 306), but not with glucose concentrations (p = 0.3). The association with insulin was still evident when adjusting for BMI (β’ 0.271 (0.180–0.362), p = 1.1 × 10–8; n = 297). Likewise, at 120 min the OGTT GLP-1 concentrations were associated with plasma insulin concentrations (β’ 0.216 (0.100–0.331), p = 2.7 × 10–4; n = 306) even after adjusting for BMI (β’ 0.178 (0.061–0.294), p = 2.9 × 10–3; n = 296), but not with glucose (p = 0.9). GIP concentrations were not associated with insulin or glucose concentrations at either time point (all p > 0.2). In pregnancy plasma GLP-1, but not GIP, concentrations appear to be predictive of circulating insulin concentrations, independently of associations with BMIs. Conclusions These results suggest that the relationship between insulin and incretins is preserved in pregnancy, but that other factors, such as placental hormones or counter-regulatory hormones, may be more important determinants of glycaemia and gestational diabetes aetiology.</p

Additional file 1: of The plasma biomarker soluble SIGLEC-1 is associated with the type I interferon transcriptional signature, ethnic background and renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Table S1. Custom NanoString probe sequences used to measure expression of the 56 IFN-regulated genes defining the transcriptional IFN signature in this study and eight housekeeping genes used to normalise expression levels between donors. (XLSX 13 kb

Patient demographics and clinicopathological data.

<p>Abbreviations: CIS, carcinoma in situ; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.</p>a<p>n = 221.</p>b<p>Percentage of patients excluding those with stage T0 and Tx.</p>c<p>Percentage of recorded cases only.</p

Performance of Mcm5 and NMP22 tests for bladder carcinoma detection for all patients with test results available.

<p>Abbreviations: CI, 95% confidence interval; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; Sens, sensitivity; Spec, specificity.</p

Receiver operating characteristics curves for Mcm5 and NMP22 tests for the detection of bladder cancer in all studied patients with valid test results.

<p>Receiver operating characteristics curves for Mcm5 and NMP22 tests for the detection of bladder cancer in all studied patients with valid test results.</p

Comparison of Mcm5 and NMP22 test performance across grade and stage.

<p>Abbreviations: CI, 95% confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; med, median; FNR, false negative rate.</p>a<p>Mann-Whitney test (for Test value) or Chi-squared test (for FNR), comparison with Normal group.</p>b<p>Mann-Whitney test (for Test value) or Chi-squared test (for FNR), comparison with previous, i.e. Grade 2 vs Grade 1, Grade 3 vs Grade 2.</p>c<p>Jonckheere-Terpstra test for trend (for Test value) or Chi-squared test for linear by linear association, across Grade or Stage, excluding Normal group.</p>d<p>Data analysis using 2150-cell cut-point for Mcm5 test.</p>e<p>Excludes 8 CIS and 1 adenocarcinoma from 210 UCC cases having an MCM5 test value.</p>f<p>Data analysis using 10 U/mL cut-point for NMP22 test.</p>g<p>Excludes 7 CIS from the 195 UCC cases having an NMP22 test value.</p

Energy expenditure and BAT function in DKO mice.

<p>A) Gene expression from interscapular BAT. B) Histological analysis of brown fat, analysis of lipid percentage area (right) and representative figures (left). C) Gene expression of thermogenic genes from subcutaneous WAT. D) Oxygen consumption in ml/mouse/min E) Respiratory exchange ratio (RER). All mice n = 8 per group C57Bl/6 males 4 months old. F) Levels of Eicosanoids detectable in the brown adipose tissue of all 4 genotypes n = 8 per group C57Bl/6 males 5 months old. <b>a</b>, P<0.05 WT vs PPARγ2, <b>b</b>, P<0.05 WT vs DKO <b>c</b>, P<0.05 PPARγ2 vs DKO, <b>d</b> P<0.05 L-PGDS vs DKO.</p

False positive rates for the Mcm5 and NMP22 tests across benign conditions.

<p>For each subgroup, only those patients with a test results were considered.</p><p>Abbreviations: BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia; FPR, false positive rate; IQR, interquartile range; med, median; UTI, urinary tract infection.</p>a<p>Mann-Whitney test, comparison of test value with normal.</p>b<p>False positive rate determined using 2150-cell cut-point for Mcm5 test and 10 U/mL cut-point for NMP22 test.</p>c<p>Chi-squared test, comparison of false positive rate with Normal group.</p>d<p>Excludes 53 “other cancers” of the 1354 patients without UCC having an Mcm5 test value.</p>e<p>Excludes 47 “other cancers” of the 1201 patients without UCC having an NMP22 test value.</p

Regulation of lipolytic proteins in WAT depots.

<p>Western blots from A) epididymal and B) subcutaneous white adipose tissue. All quantifications based on densitometry and normalised to β-actin. Representative blots show N  = 3 mice. Quantification N  = 6 for each genotype for all genes except subcutaneous ATGL, N  = 3. <b>a</b>, P<0.05 WT vs PPARγ2, <b>b</b>, P<0.05 WT vs DKO <b>c</b>, P<0.05 PPARγ2 vs DKO.</p