Comment on a Primary Cutaneous Nocardiosis of the Hand

Nocardia spp. are gram-positive, partially acid-fast bacteria which are lives in environmental sources and cause of various infection that called nocardiosis in animals and humans. Identification of this group of bacteria was important due to accurate diagnosis, patient management and prevention of antibiotic resistant among of bacteria. Molecular methods including PCR-RFLP and sequencing using housekeeping genes such as 16S rRNA, hsp65, rpoB and gyrB are recommended to accurate and reliable identification of nocardiosis

Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action

Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or “golden rules,” for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice

The importance of molecular techniques in identification and phylogenetic studies of Non Tuberculosis Mycobacteria

Due to immune deficiency diseases (cancer, transplant recipients and HIV) environmental mycobacteria infections are increasing. Forasmuch as the clinical symptons of environmental mycobacteria lung infections and tuberculosis are similar, due to difference of diet therapy between environmental mycobacterium infections and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is necessary to identify and differentiate Mycobacterium species. Molecular methods seem to be a useful tool for detection and differentiation of Mycobacterium species