Cavitation Characteristics of Restriction Orifices (Experiment for Shock Pressure Distribution by Cavitation on Restriction Orifices and Occurrence of Cavitation at Multiperforated Orifices Due to Interference of Butterfly Valve)

This paper presents two experimental investigations for cavitation characteristics of restriction orifices. The first experiment is about the spatial distribution of cavitation shock pressure in a pipe at the downstream of restriction orifices. The second experiment is the investigation of butterfly valve throttling to the cavitation in a multiperforated orifice installed piping. From the results of the experiment for the cavitation shock pressure, it is concluded the maximum shock pressure remarkably increases with the decrease of cavitation number regardless of the orifice types. The maximum shock pressure becomes smallest on cone type orifice, and largest on single hole orifice. Multiperforated orifice is between this two. The results of the experiment for occurrence of cavitation due to the interference of butterfly valve show that the cavitation occurs at a relatively high cavitation number when the multiperforated orifice is placed at 1D downstream of the butterfly valve. The butterfly valve throttling accelerates the cavitation at the multiperforated orifice because of the closed orifice installation

A new logic in the Sufi organization: the continuation and the disintegration of the Tariqas in Modern Egypt (The Tariqa's cohesional power and the Shaykhhood succession question)

The present article examines the logic behind "succession" to the leadership (mashyakha) within the tarīqas, and some factors involved in their disintegration in early 20th century Egypt. Throughout the history, the question of succession to mashyakha has been a frequent cause of confl ict among the members of tarīqas, which at times led to their divisions. Until the beginning of the 19th century, however, the word "tarīqa" did not necessarily refer to an organization but literally to the "Sufi Way, " which is a specific method of devotion. Actually, each tarīqa consisted of a number of small groups or families headed by their own leaders (shaykhs); this implied that a tarīqa did not have to be a single unifi ed organization. Through the institutionalization of the Egyptian tarīqas initiated by the state in the 19th century, a new logic in the Sufi organization was introduced, whereby each tarīqa had to be an organization headed by a single shaykh. This logic created a situation which encouraged leaders of those subgroups/families within a given tarīqa, who were now ranked as deputies (khalīfas), to claim that they were shaykhs of the independent tarīqas. In 1905, this new logic was stipulated in the regulations, which must have aimed at the stability and the continuity of the existing tarīqas. However, this could not stop the recurrence of the divisions. Rather, a number of khalīfas started to claim independence from their shaykhs. By analysing a case of how al-Habībiyya gained independence from al-Rifā'iyya, one factor responsible for the increase in the disintegration of the tarīqas can be pointed out: the new logic in the Sufi organization itself provided grounds for justifying the claims of those khalīfas who wanted to be shaykhs of their own tarīqas. In other words, the state's very endeavor to stabilize the tarīqas served on the contrary to create instability

Flavor structure and coupling selection rule from intersecting D-branes

We study flavor structure and the coupling selection rule in intersecting D-brane configurations. We formulate the selection rule for Yukawa couplings and its extensions to generic n-point couplings. We investigate the possible flavor structure, which can appear from intersecting D-brane configuration, and it is found that their couplings are determined by discrete abelian symmetry. Our studies on the flavor structure and the coupling selection rule show that the minimal matter content of the supersymmetric standard model would have difficulty to derive realistic Yukawa matrices from stringy 3-point couplings at the tree-level. However, extended models have a richer structure, leading to non-trivial mass matrices.Comment: 28 pages, latex, 5 figure

Reversible Gene Regulation in Mammalian Cells Using Riboswitch-Engineered Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vector

Synthetic riboswitches based on small molecule-responsive self-cleaving ribozymes (aptazymes) embedded in the untranslated regions (UTRs) allow chemical control of gene expression in mammalian cells. In this work, we used a guanine-responsive aptazyme to control transgene expression from a replication-incompetent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector. VSV is a nonsegmented, negative-sense, cytoplasmic RNA virus that replicates without DNA intermediates, and its applications for vaccines and oncolytic viral therapy are being explored. By inserting the guanine-activated ribozyme in the 3′ UTRs of viral genes and transgenes, GFP expression from the VSV vector in mammalian cells was repressed by as much as 26.8-fold in the presence of guanine. Furthermore, we demonstrated reversible regulation of a transgene (secreted NanoLuc) by adding and withdrawing guanine from the medium over the course of 12 days. In summary, our riboswitch-controlled VSV vector allows robust, long-term, and reversible regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells without the risk of undesirable genomic integration

Dynamic and Individual Preference Change Analysis for Evaluating Frequent Shoppers Program

Open House, ISM in Tachikawa, 2015.6.19統計数理研究所オープンハウス（立川）、H27.6.19ポスター発