Role of Duration of Diabetes on Ventilatory Capacities and Expiratory Flow Rates in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic debilitating problem with increasing incidence and long term complications such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy etc. These complications are mainly a consequence of macro vascular and micro vascular damages of the target organs. The magnitude of the complications of diabetes is related to its duration. Less has been known about the after effects of diabetes on lungs. So this work was carried out to know the relation between duration of diabetes and lung volumes and capacities in Type 2 DM patients. The presence of an extensive micro vascular circulation and abundant connective tissue in the lungs raises the possibility that lung tissue may be affected by Microangiopathy process and non-enzymatic glycosylation of tissue proteins, induced by chronic hyperglycemia, there by rendering the lung a “target organ” in diabetic patients.  This is a cross-sectional study, the test group were Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients (n=50) with duration of 2-35 years, the control group were staff of Narayana medical college (n=50). Written consent was obtained from them. The following lung function parameters were recorded: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), Forced Expiratory Volume percent (FEV1/FVC %), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), Forced Expiratory Flow 25-75% (FEF25-75%), Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV). The mean FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEF25-75%, MVV values are low in diabetics compared to controls (p value <0.001) and the parameters showed significant negative correlation with duration of diabetes. Key words: Chronic hyperglycemia, Diabetes mellitus, Microangiopathy, Micro vascular circulation, Pulmonary function test

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetics: Correlation with duration of diabetes

Abstract Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) is one of the most overlooked complications of DM and is clinically important because of its life threatening consequences. CAN results from damage to the autonomic nerve fibers that innervate the heart and blood vessels and it causes abnormalities in control of heart rate and vascular dynamics .The present study was designed to assess the cardiovascular autonomic function in type 2 DM. The cardiovascular autonomic function have been conducted in 30 cases of type II DM and 30 controls, aged between 30-50 years, Including both genders, by using Deep breathing test (DBT), Valsalva Maneuvre (VM), Cold Pressor Test (CPT), Lying to standing test (LST) and its correlation with duration of diabetes. The duration of DM was negatively correlated with delta heart rate (-0.908), valsalva ratio (-0.926), rise in diastolic pressure during hand grip test (-0.747) and cold pressor test (-0.888). From this study it is concluded that, the duration of diabetes has more effect of CAN

Prevalence and risk factors of text neck syndrome among medical students

Background: Mobile phone and other similar gadget use are now part of our life and it has acquired as an essential position in our life. It cannot be avoided. But judicious use is possible only after the severity of the problem is understood and risk factors are identified. Objective: To study the prevalence and risk factors of text neck syndrome among medical students of MRIMS Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out among 306 medical students of one medical college. Data was collected in the pre designed, pre tested, and semi-structured study questionnaire developed based on the extensive review of literature. The questionnaire was given to the medical students and they were asked to submit after half an hour. Attempt was made to ensure that all questions were answered. Chi square test and Students t test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Almost 85% of students agreed that their virtual life orientation was affected. About 1/3rd complained of stiffness sometimes, 57% of users suffered from headaches sometimes. 1/4th suffered from numbness and weakness sometimes. The prevalence of pain in males was more i.e. 76.4% compared to 37.3% among females. The pain was significantly more in standing position (60%). The pain was found to be significantly more (68.9%) when the gadget was held at abdomen level. Conclusion: Almost all students used some or the other gadgets. But the use was actually misuse as it has affected majority. Disorientation of virtual life, stiffness, headache, pain was very common. Pain was associated with position and level at which the gadget was held