20 research outputs found

    The First Korean Case of Beare-Stevenson Syndrome with a Tyr375Cys Mutation in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Gene

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    Here we report the first case of a Korean infant with a cloverleaf-shaped craniosynostosis, in which the diagnosis of Beare-Stevenson syndrome was suspected upon observation of the typical morphological features. This infant exhibited craniofacial anomalies, ocular proptosis, cutis gyrata, acanthosis nigricans, prominent umbilical stump, furrowed palms and soles, hypospadia, and sacral skin tag coupled with dermal sinus tract. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the patient also had non-communicating hydrocephalus with Chiari malformation. This is the 8th report of Beare-Stevenson syndrome in the literature, which was confirmed by the detection of a Tyr375Cys mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene

    Sodium hypochlorite inactivates lipoteichoic acid of enterococcus faecalis by deacylation

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    Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is a pathogenic gram-positive bacterium closely associated with apical periodontitis. Although sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been used as a common endodontic irrigant to eradicate bacteria in the root canal, it has not been elucidated whether NaOCl attenuates the inflammatory response induced by the E. faecalis virulence factor lipoteichoic acid (EfLTA). Methods: Structurally intact EfLTA purified from E. faecalis was treated with NaOCl at various concentrations and time periods. Murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was treated with interferon gamma followed by treatment with intact or NaOCl-treated EfLTA to determine the inducibility of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, interferon gamma inducible protein 10, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha. Reporter gene assays assessed by flow cytometry were used to examine the ability of intact or NaOCl-treated EfLTA to activate Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which is known to recognize EfLTA on host cells. Structural damage of EfLTA by NaOCl was examined using silver staining and thin-layer chromatography. Results: NaOCl-treated EfLTA showed markedly less induction of nitric oxide, interferon gamma inducible protein 10, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1a in RAW 264.7 cells compared with intact EfLTA. In contrast to intact EfLTA that potently stimulated TLR2 activation, NaOCl-treated EfLTA did not activate TLR2. Structural analysis showed that NaOCl damaged EfLTA structure by deacylation. Conclusions: NaOCl deacylates the glycolipid moiety of EfLTA, which fails to activate TLR2, leading to the reduced production of inflammatory mediators.OAIID:RECH_ACHV_DSTSH_NO:T201608198RECH_ACHV_FG:RR00200001ADJUST_YN:EMP_ID:A076889CITE_RATE:2.807FILENAME:JOE-NAOCL.pdfDEPT_NM:치의학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YFILEURL:https://srnd.snu.ac.kr/eXrepEIR/fws/file/ff2602bb-23a5-480c-891d-555e66754cd9/linkN

    Calcium Hydroxide Inactivates Lipoteichoic Acid from Enterococcus faecalis through Deacylation of the Lipid Moiety

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    Introduction: Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a major virulence factor of Enterococcus faecal is that is closely associated with refractory apical periodontitis. Recently, we have shown that calcium hydroxide, a commonly used intracanal medicament, abrogated the ability of LTA to stimulate the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha in a murine macrophage line, RAW 264.7. Because calcium hydroxide could potentially modify the glycolipid moiety of LTA, we examined if calcium hydroxide inactivates LTA through deacylation of the LTA. Methods: LTA was prepared from E. faecalis by organic solvent extraction followed by chromatography with the hydrophobic-interaction column and the ion-exchange column. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with intact LTA or calcium hydroxide treated LTA for 24 hours, and the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and chemokines interferon-gamma induced protein (IP-10) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) were determined. The glycolipid structure of LTA was analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Results: The production of NO, IP-1, and MIP-1 alpha was augmented in LTA-stimulated cells, whereas no such effect was observed upon stimulation with calcium hydroxide pretreated LTA. Mass spectrometry showed that intact glycolipids of LTA yielded distinct mass peaks at 930 to 1,070 mass over charge (m/z) units, corresponding to dihexosyl-diacylglycerol consisting of two acyl chains with chain lengths of C(16) to C(22) and with one or two unsaturated double bonds. However, those peaks were not observed in the mass spectra of the calcium hydroxide-treated LTA. Furthermore, free fatty acids released from the calcium hydroxide-treated LTA were detected using TLC. Conclusion: We suggest that calcium hydroxide attenuates the inflammatory activity of E. faecal is LTA through deacylation of the LTA. (J Endod 2011;37:191-196)Supported by grants from Korea Research Foundation funded by the Korean Government (KRF-2008-314-E00223), from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2010-0029116), and from a Science Research Center grant to the Bone Metabolism Research Center (20100001746) funded by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.

    A preliminary study: novelty seeking, frontal executive function, and dopamine receptor (D2) TaqI A gene polymorphism in patients with methamphetamine dependence

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    INTRODUCTION: Dopamine receptor polymorphisms have been associated with specific patterns of novelty seeking (NS) temperamental nature and frontal executive function. In addition, carriers of dopamine receptor type 2 (DRD2)-TaqI A1 have been hypothesized to be potentially vulnerable to addictive behaviors. In the present study, the association between dopamine D2 polymorphisms, NS, and frontal executive function was studied. METHODS: Thirty-seven methamphetamine (MA)-dependent subjects and 40 healthy comparison subjects participated in the current study. The severity of addiction, NS temperament, and frontal executive functions were measured using the Addiction Severity Index, the NS subscale in the Temperament and Character Inventory, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, respectively. All subjects were genotyped with regard to DRD2-TaqI polymorphisms. RESULTS: The prevalence of DRD2-TaqI A1 allele polymorphisms was greater in the MA-abuser group than in the comparison group. Patients with MA dependence also had higher NS characteristics and high scores in total trials, errors, and perseverative errors of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test than comparison subjects. Within patients with MA dependence, the subgroup of DRD2-TaqI A1 carrier had greater NS scores relative to those without, whereas there was only a trend level of lower frontal executive function in the first subgroup. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the MA-dependent patients with DRD2-TaqI A1 allele had significantly greater NS scores and lower frontal executive function with a trend level than those without. These preliminary results suggest that MA-dependent patients may have the possibility of genetic and biogenic vulnerability to MA

    Desynchronization of Theta-Phase Gamma-Amplitude Coupling during a Mental Arithmetic Task in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

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    INTRODUCTION:Theta-phase gamma-amplitude coupling (TGC) measurement has recently received attention as a feasible method of assessing brain functions such as neuronal interactions. The purpose of this electroencephalographic (EEG) study is to understand the mechanisms underlying the deficits in attentional control in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by comparing the power spectra and TGC at rest and during a mental arithmetic task. METHODS:Nineteen-channel EEGs were recorded from 97 volunteers (including 53 subjects with ADHD) from a camp for hyperactive children under two conditions (rest and task performance). The EEG power spectra and the TGC data were analyzed. Correlation analyses between the Intermediate Visual and Auditory (IVA) continuous performance test (CPT) scores and EEG parameters were performed. RESULTS:No significant difference in the power spectra was detected between the groups at rest and during task performance. However, TGC was reduced during the arithmetic task in the ADHD group compared with the normal group (F = 16.70, p < 0.001). The TGC values positively correlated with the IVA CPT scores but negatively correlated with theta power. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggest that desynchronization of TGC occurred during the arithmetic task in ADHD children. TGC in ADHD children is expected to serve as a promising neurophysiological marker of network deactivation during attention-demanding tasks
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