The Influence of Soap on Starch-Pigment Coated Paper

A literature survey is presented concerning the effects of soap on the rheological properties of coatings, and upon the physical properties of the coated paper. The influence of sodium, ammonium, and calcium stearates is investigated, and it is found that soaps produce desirable effects upon both the flow properties of coating colors and the physical properties of the coated paper. The experimental results indicate that sodium stearate is superior to either ammonium or calcium stearate, in that all of the properties tested for are either enhanced or remain about the same when sodium soap is added to the coating, whereas the ammonium and calcium soaps produce both desirable and deleterious effects

Distributional changes of the fishes of the Hatchie River in west Tennessee and north Mississippi

The Hatchie River in northern Mississippi and western Tennessee is the only coastal plain river in TN that escaped the extensive channelization efforts of the Army Corps of Engineers in the region. As such, it is one of the last refuges for many of the endemic coastal plain fishes that have experienced wide spread extirpation. The Hatchie was thoroughly surveyed by W.C. Starnes in 1973. He concluded that barring extensive channelization of the system or increased deleterious agricultural practices the ichthyofauna of the Hatchie should remain intact. At that point 90 species had been recorded from the system and 109 species were expected to occur. Eleven of those species were ictalurids, which gives the system the distinction of having the most diverse catfish fauna in North America. The current survey was conducted to determine if the distributions of fishes in the Hatchie have changed since the mid- l 970s. The use of the relatively new method of boat shocking drastically improved knowledge of big river fish distributions in the system. Collections during the field seasons of 2001-2003 resulted in records of 88 species, in 19 families. This brings the total known species for the system to a total of 108 and 125 are expected to occur. Six new species (Polyodon spathula, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Pimephales promelas, Erimyzon sucetta, Jctiobus niger, Ameiurus nebulosus) were recorded in the system. Cyprinella lutrensis appears to be the only known species that is expanding its range while Lythrurus umbratilis and Etheostoma parvipinne have apparently been nearly extirpated from those same regions that C. lutrensis is populating. The apparent range reductions of Phenacobius mirabilis and Amia calva are most likely artifacts of collection methods. Currently, the main threat to the stability of the Hatchie River ichthyofauna appears to be deleterious agricultural and sylvicultural practices, which are the most likely cause of heavy silt loads and rapid rates of channel incision and resultant sand deposition

Hybridization, ancestral polymorphism, and cryptic species in Nothonotus darters (Teleostei: Percidae: Etheostomatinae)

Darters (Teleostei: Percidae: Etheostomatinae) are a diverse group of charismatic fish endemic to North America and many of their characteristics combined with the fact that diversity within the clade is relatively well known makes them an attractive system for studying evolutionary patterns. I used molecular and morphological data to identify patterns of hybridization in darters, introgression in Nothonotus darters, and small geographic scales of diversification in two Cumberland River drainage Nothonotus species. I compiled records of hybrid Etheostomatinae museum specimens and found that over one quarter of darter species were involved in hybrid specimens, species most frequently involved had large range sizes, and involvement was negatively correlated with phylogenetic distance.I created a Nothonotus phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data and morphological data, and the observed relationships were largely consistent with previous hypotheses; however, better resolution and sampling in this phylogeny identified novel relationships and paraphyly. I expanded genetic sampling of N. camurus, N. chlorobranchius, and N. rufilineatus, the three Nothonotus most frequently involved in hybrid specimens, to search for introgression. I found extensive mitochondrial replacement in N. rufilineatus, with those in the upper Tennessee River drainage having mitochondrial haplotypes similar to haplotypes observed in N. chlorobranchius and those in the Cumberland River drainage having mitochondrial haplotypes similar to haplotypes observed in N. camurus. Additionally, N. rufilineatus has acted as a \u27conduit species\u27 in the upper Tennessee River drainage by transferring N. chlorobranchius like haplotypes into N. camurus.I also expanded genetic sampling of N. microlepidus and N. sanguifluus, two Cumberland River drainage Nothonotus whose sister relationship had not previously been hypothesized, to identify the number of lineages within the Cumberland River drainage. I preformed Discriminant Analysis using meristic characters based on the lineages indicated by the genetic analyses and found that there were four distinct lineages. By comparing the diversity in these two \u27species\u27 to diversity in another subclade of darters, barcheeks, I concluded that the isolating mechanisms in the Cumberland River drainage occur at small geographic scales, as found in the barcheeks, have been persistent through significant evolutionary time, and across multiple darter subclades

Paul Hammond and George Keck in a Faculty Recital

This is the program for the faculty recital featuring bass-baritone Paul Hammond and pianist George Keck. This recital took place on April 23, 1985, in the Mabee Fine Arts Center Recital Hall

Paul Hammond and Ouida Keck in a Faculty Recital

This is the program for the faculty recital featuring baritone Paul Hammond and pianist Ouida Keck. This recital took place on February 11, 1975, in the Mabee Fine Arts Center Recital Hall

Predicting Unethical Physician Behavior At Scale: A Distributed Computing Framework

As the amount of publicly shared data increases, developing a robust pipeline to stream, store and process data is critical, as the casual user often lacks the technology, hardware and/or skills needed to work with such voluminous data. In this research, the authors employ Amazon EC2 and EMR, MongoDB, and Spark MLlib to explore 28.5 gigabytes of CMS Open Payments data in an attempt to identify physicians who may have a high propensity to act unethically, owing to significant transfers of wealth from medical companies. A Random Forest Classifier is employed to predict the top decile of physicians who have the highest risk of unethical behavior in the following year, resulting in an F-Score of 91%. The data is also analyzed by an anomaly detection algorithm that correctly identified a highprofile case of a physician leaving his prestigious position, as he failed to disclose anomalously-large transfers of wealth from medical companies

Accountability, Strategy, and International Non-Governmental Organizations

Increased prominence and greater influence expose international non-governmental development and environmental organizations (INGOs) to increased demands for accountability from a wide variety of stakeholdersdonors, beneficiaries, staffs, and partners among others. This paper focuses on developing the concept of INGO accountability, first as an abstract concept and then as a strategic idea with very different implications for different INGO strategies. We examine those implications for INGOs that emphasize service delivery, capacity-building, and policy influence. We propose that INGOs committed to service delivery may owe more accountability to donors and service regulators; capacity-building INGOs may be particularly obligated to clients whose capacities are being enhanced; and policy influence INGOs may be especially accountable to political constituencies and to influence targets. INGOs that are expanding their activities to include new initiatives may need to reorganize their accountability systems to implement their strategies effectively. This publication is Hauser Center Working Paper No. 7. The Hauser Center Working Paper Series was launched during the summer of 2000. The Series enables the Hauser Center to share with a broad audience important works-in-progress written by Hauser Center scholars and researchers

Benthic Diatom Communities in an Alpine River Impacted by Waste Water Treatment Effluents as Revealed Using DNA Metabarcoding

Freshwater ecosystems are continuously affected by anthropogenic pressure. One of the main sources of contamination comes from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents that contain wide range of micro- and macropollutants. Chemical composition, toxicity levels and impact of treated effluents (TEs) on the recipient aquatic ecosystems may strongly differ depending on the wastewater origin. Compared to urban TEs, hospital ones may contain more active pharmaceutical substances. Benthic diatoms are relevant ecological indicators because of their high species and ecological diversity and rapid response to human pressure. They are routinely used for water quality monitoring. However, there is a knowledge gap on diatom communities’ development and behavior in treated wastewater in relation to prevailing micro- and macropollutants. In this study, we aim to (1) investigate the response of diatom communities to urban and hospital TEs, and (2) evaluate TEs effect on communities in the recipient river. Environmental biofilms were colonized in TEs and the recipient river up- and downstream from the WWTP output to study benthic diatoms using DNA metabarcoding combined with high-throughput sequencing (HTS). In parallel, concentrations of nutrients, pharmaceuticals and seasonal conditions were recorded. Diatom metabarcoding showed that benthic communities differed strongly in their diversity and structure depending on the habitat. TE sites were generally dominated by few genera with polysaprobic preferences belonging to the motile guild, while river sites favored diverse communities from oligotrophic and oligosaprobic groups. Seasonal changes were visible to lower extent. To categorize parameters important for diatom changes we performed redundancy analysis which suggested that communities within TE sites were associated to higher concentrations of beta-blockers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in urban effluents vs. antibiotics and orthophosphate in hospital effluents. Furthermore, indicator species analysis showed that 27% of OTUs detected in river downstream communities were indicator for urban or hospital TE sites and were absent in the river upstream. Finally, biological diatom index (BDI) calculated to evaluate the ecological status of the recipient river suggested water quality decrease linked to the release of TEs. Thus, in-depth assessment of diatom community composition using DNA metabarcoding is proposed as a promising technique to highlight the disturbing effect of pollutants in Alpine rivers