Plane of nutrition during the rearing phase for replacement ewes of four genotypes: II - effects on performance during first pregnancy and to weaning, and of their progeny

peer-reviewedPlane of nutrition (PN) offered to ewe replacements during the rearing phase (8 to 17 months) and first pregnancy may affect reproductive and progeny performance when replacements are joined at ~19 months. The effects of PN offered to spring-born ewe replacements during their first winter (winter_1), second summer (summer_2) and subsequent winter (mid and late pregnancy; winter_2) were evaluated, over 3 consecutive years, using 287 ewe lambs of four genotypes: Charmoise×Scottish Blackface (C×SBF), Belclare×SBF (Bel×SBF), Belclare (Bel) and Belclare×SBF (heterozygous for a gene, either FecGH or FecXG mutations, that increases ovulation rate: BelMG×SBF). Ewe lambs were offered, daily, a deferred-grazed herbage allowance (HA) of either 0.75 or 1.75 kg dry matter during winter_1. During summer_2 the replacements were set-stocked to maintain sward heights of 4 or 6 cm. Ewes were housed during mid and late pregnancy (winter_2) and offered either medium or high-feed-value grass silage, thus yielding a 2×2×2 factorial design. Increasing HA during winter_1 and residual sward height during summer_2 increased ewe BW post joining (P0.05) on number of lambs reared. Increasing HA during winter_1 increased lamb BW at birth (P<0.05) and reduced carcass fat score (P<0.05). There was a significant interaction between PN offered during winter_1 and summer_2 for average daily gain (ADG) from birth to 5 weeks (P<0.01) and from 5 to 10 weeks (P<0.05): progeny of replacements that experienced either a high or low PN throughout the rearing phase had lower ADG than lambs born to the replacements that experienced a low PN only during winter_1 or summer_2. Increasing PN during winter_2 increased ewe BW (P<0.001), lamb BW at birth (P<0.001) and weaning (P<0.05) and reduced the proportion of ewes that failed to lamb (P<0.01). Ewe genotype had a significant (P<0.001) effect on litter size (1.48 to 2.45), number of lambs reared, lamb BW at birth and weaning, lamb ADG and age at slaughter. It is concluded that, among the nutrition treatments examined, increasing PN during mid and late pregnancy had the greatest effect on ewe and progeny performance. Although increasing PN offered during winter_1 increased lamb birth BW, PN offered during summer_2 had no effect on lamb performance. There were no significant interactions between PN and ewe genotype

Plane of nutrition during the rearing phase for replacement ewes of four genotypes: I – effects on growth and development, and on ovulation rate at first joining

peer-reviewedPlane of nutrition (PN) offered to ewe replacements during the rearing phase (8 to 17 months) affects BW at joining and may affect reproductive performance when joined at ~19 months. The effects of PN offered to ewe replacements during their first winter (winter_1) and second summer (summer_2) were evaluated over 3 consecutive years, using 287 spring-born ewe lambs, representing four genotypes (Belclare (Bel), Charmoise×Scottish Blackface (C×SBF), Bel×SBF (Bel×SBF), Bel×SBF that were heterozygous either FecGH or FecXG mutations that increase ovulation rate (OR) (BelMG×SBF)). During extended (deferred) grazing in winter_1 (November to March) the lambs were offered herbage DM allowances (HA) of 0.75 (L) or 1.75 (H) kg/day. During summer_2 (March to August) the replacements were set stocked to maintain sward heights of 4 (L) or 6 (H) cm, thus yielding a 2×2 factorial design for the nutrition treatments (71 to 73 animals/treatment). Increasing HA during winter_1, and residual sward height during summer_2, increased (P0.05) on OR. Mean BW at joining was 53.3, 56.8, 56.6 and 61.7 (SEM 0.74) kg for ewes offered the LL, LH, HL and HH treatments, respectively. Mean OR of C×SBF and BelMG×SBF differed (P0.05) between the PN offered during winter_1 and summer_2, or PN and ewe genotype for BW at joining or OR. LMs, either at 7, 12 or 17 months of age, are useful predictors of BW at joining

Developments in nutrition for pasture-based cattle and sheep systems in Ireland

peer-reviewedFor ruminant production systems, the requirement to meet specific nutrient targets in the animal’s diet must be balanced with the aim of achieving high utilisation of forage in the overall feed budget. A focus of research and extension in an Irish industry context has been to meet these objectives using grazed pasture as the predominant forage source. This has prompted investigation to improve understanding of the components defining forage nutritive value, as well as the management factors affecting its intake and utilisation by animals. Similarly, quantifying the animal performance responses to varying type, rate and timing of dietary supplementation has been an important area of investigation. This review summarises some of the principal outcomes and developments over recent years across beef, sheep and dairy production systems. In addition, ruminant production systems are increasingly challenged to reduce potential environmental impacts by mitigating nutrient and gaseous emissions across their production cycles. Current and emerging research with regard to this issue, and enteric methane production in particular, is discussed

Studies of the mode of a bacterial inoculant as a silage additive and an evaluation of its efficacy

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN1422 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Effects of reseeding with perennial ryegrass, chicory or tyfon in pure stands or mixtures on lamb performance postweaning

Many producers reseed old pasture (OP) with the objective of improving lamb performance. Old pasture was reseeded with perennial ryegrass plus white clover (RGC), RGC plus chicory (CG), RGC plus tyfon (TG), chicory (C), or tyfon (T) to generate five treatments. In addition, a contiguous block of OP was included in the study for comparative purposes. Lambs (n = 286) were assigned to one of the five treatments plus the section of OP from just after weaning until slaughter. Grazing commenced 45 days after the desiccation of OP for reseeding. All lambs were managed by rotational grazing and drafted for slaughter at a specified target BW. No concentrate supplement was offered during the study. For the RGC, CG, TG, C and T treatments and the OP section, the average herbage NDF concentrations were 524, 473, 402, 352, 256 and 565 (SE 15.4) g/kg DM; total grazing days were 5 213, 4 005, 4 466, 2 262, 3 496 and 3 677 (SE 629.3); BW gain to slaughter was 211, 175, 205, 211, 199 and 203 (SE 9.5) g/day; days to slaughter were 91, 100, 84, 86, 78 and 88 (SE 4.8). Compared to RGC, the C, T, CG and TG treatments had lower herbage NDF concentrations (P  0.05) for BW gain or days to slaughter. Chicory yielded significantly fewer (P < 0.05) grazing days, but tended to give a higher (P < 0.06) carcass weight than RGC. It is concluded that neither reseeding OP with RGC, including either C or T with RGC as a multispecies sward, nor growing pure stands of C or T increased (P < 0.05) lamb BW gain from weaning to slaughter or reduced days to slaughter

Effects of joining at 7 months, and ewe genotype, on the performance of ewes to 19 months of age and that of their progeny to slaughter

peer-reviewedTwo ways of reducing the cost of replacements are increasing litter size and number of litters produced; thus, the total weight of lamb carcass output per ewe lifetime. The effects of ewe genotype on the performance of ewes lambing at 1 year and of their progeny to slaughter, and the effect of age at first joining (7 or 19 months) on BW at ~19 months and survival to joining at 19 months were evaluated over two consecutive years, using 460 ewe lambs from three genotypes: Belclare (Bel), Suffolk × Belclare (Suf × Bel) and ≥ 75% Suffolk ancestry (Suf75). Lambs from the three genotypes were at a similar proportion of mature BW and half of the lambs, within genotype, were allocated to be joined for the first time at 7 or 19 months. The ewe lambs were managed in a grass-based rotational-grazing system, except when housed from December to March on a grass silage-based diet. Belclare ewes had larger litters (P  0.05) on lamb mortality (born dead, total mortality to weaning), lambing assistance, number of ewes that failed to lamb, or on ewe survival to 19 months of age. Increasing ewe BW at joining increased the probability (P < 0.001) of rearing at least one lamb and this effect was consistent across genotypes. There were significant relationships (P < 0.001) between ewe BW at lambing and lamb BW at birth and at weaning of 0.053 (SE 0.0089) kg and 0.29 (SE 0.049) kg, respectively. Ewes that lambed at 1 year were 2 kg lighter (P < 0.001) at 19 months of age and had a smaller body size (P < 0.01) relative to those not joined. It is concluded that ewe genotype had a significant effect on number of lambs reared, and thus lamb carcass output. Whilst lambing at 1 year reduced BW by 2 kg when joined at 19 months, it did not affect ewe survival to that stage

Effects of grass and maize silage feed value, offering soybean meal with maize silage, and concentrate feed level in late pregnancy, on ewe and lamb performance

peer-reviewedIn many countries, daily herbage accumulation on pasture declines towards zero during the winter period; thus, many pregnant ewes are housed and offered conserved forages supplemented with concentrate prior to parturition. The effects of forage type and feed value (FV), offering soybean meal with maize silage during mid and late pregnancy, and concentrate feed level in late pregnancy on the performance of ewes and their progeny (to slaughter) were evaluated. Ewes (n = 151) were assigned to one of nine treatments from mid-pregnancy until lambing. Medium FV and high FV grass silages (metabolisable energy concentrations of 10.7 and 12.0 MJ/kg DM) were offered ad libitum supplemented with either 15 or 25 kg concentrate/ewe during late pregnancy. Low and high DM maize silages (starch concentrations of 80 and 315 g/kg DM) were offered ad libitum either alone or with soybean meal (200 g/d) and supplemented with 15 kg concentrate during late pregnancy. A final treatment consisted of high FV grass silage supplemented with 5 kg soybean/ewe over the final 4 weeks of pregnancy. Ewes and lambs were put to pasture in a rotational-grazing system within 3 days of lambing. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between grass silage FV and concentrate feed level for ewe or lamb traits. Increasing grass silage FV increased food intake (P  0.05) on ewe or lamb performance. Increasing maize DM at harvest and offering soybean meal with maize silage increased food intake (P  0.05) on animal performance. Replacing grass silage with maize silage did not affect (P > 0.05) BW gain of lambs. It is concluded that increasing the FV of the grass silage offered during pregnancy had the greatest positive impact on ewe and lamb performance.Teagasc, Carlow, R93 XE12, Irelan