METAPHORICAL INSIGHTS: PHRASAL VERB KNOWLEDGE GAINS IN THE LIGHT OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR THEORY

The primary objective of this research is twofold: first, to elucidate the explicit teaching of phrasal verb constructions within the framework of conceptual metaphor theory, with a specific focus on the metaphorical aspects of particle usage, and second, to examine the correlation between such explicit instruction in phrasal verbs and the gains in implicit knowledge of these verb forms. This study employed a within-group pretest/posttest design as part of an experimental investigation involving 60 Turkish English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners who were students at the School of Foreign Languages (SFL) at a state university in Turkey. The research was analyzed across three dimensions: the achievement and retention of both receptive and productive knowledge of phrasal verbs, subconscious recognition and processing of lexical items, and the processing of phrasal verb meanings in a semantic context. To assess the first dimension, a multiple-choice test to gauge the students' receptive understanding of phrasal verbs and a c-test to measure their controlled productive knowledge of these verb forms were administered at three points: the initial pretest, an immediate posttest, and a delayed posttest. A masked repetition priming lexical decision task was utilized to investigate the subconscious recognition and processing of lexical items. Additionally, a self-paced task was employed to scrutinize the participants' semantic processing of phrasal verb meanings. The study's findings revealed that the explicit presentation of phrasal verb knowledge within the conceptual metaphor framework significantly impacts not only the acquisition and retention of receptive and productive knowledge but also the subconscious recognition and processing of lexical items, as well as the semantic priming of phrasal verb meanings, which substantiates the influential role of conceptual metaphors in the lexical aspects of language learning.  Article visualizations

İlkokul 2. ve 5. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Hatırlama ve Özet Metinlerinde Uygulanan Büyük Ölçekli Yapı Kuralları

Bu çalışmada, yaş faktörü ve bağdaşıklık düzeyi bakımından farklı metin yapısı faktörünün kural uygulama işleminde farklılık yaratıp yaratmadığı araştırılmıştır

Myofunctional Treatment of Anterior Openbite With Preorthodontic Trainer: Report of a Case

This case report describes the treatment of a 11,2 year-old girl presenting an anterior openbite due to abnormal swallowing habits, tongue thrust and mouth breathing, treated with Preorthodontic TrainerTM (T4KTM Myofunctional Research Co. Helensvale, Australia) appliance. The patient had a skeletal Class I relationship with a 3mm of openbite and 2mm of overjet as well as a normal profile. The molar and canine relationships were Class I. The patient used the preorthodontic trainer for 8 months to eliminate the mouth breathing and stimulate nose breathing, eliminate the tongue thrust and close the bite. The patient was instructed to use the second phase appliance of preorthodontic trainer for retention during the 1-year period. At the end of the treatment the openbite was eliminated as well as the tongue thrust habit. The Class I relationship was maintained and a stable dentofacial relationship was established. At the follow up period the overbite increased and the treatment results were maintained

The Effect of Mandibular Position on Upper Airway Dimensions

The aim of this study is to evaluate the upper airway morphology in individuals having different anteroposterior jaw relationship. The linear, angular and area measurements were performed on the lateral cephalometric films taken from 24 individuals with Class I skeletal relationship, 21 individuals having Class II skeletal relationship due to mandibular retrog-nathia and 25 individuals with Class II-I skeletal relationship due to mandibular prognathia. Comparison of the values between groups was evaluated by Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal measurements were significantly different among Class II and Class III groups. Hyoid bone was positioned upper and backward in Class II subjects whereas it was positioned lower and more forward in Class II-I subjects. It was concluded that upper airway space is affected from the anteroposterior skeletal relationship. In addition, the nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal areas are significantly narrower in mandibular retrognathic individuals (p<0.001), whereas these areas are wider in Class III individuals compared to the other two groups. Uvula length and uvula angulation values are significantly higher in Class III subjects compared to Class I and Class II individuals (p<0.001). According to these findings, upper airway dimensions are affected by the skeletal pattern

Lower Incisor Inclination in Relation to Head Posture, Tongue and Hyoid Positions

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between head posture, hyoid bone, tongue position and lower incisor inclination. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 98 subjects (35 males, 63 females), who had a mean age of 17.7 years in the permanent dentition and with a skeletal Class I relationship. Lower incisor inclination, craniovertical, craniocervical and craniohorizontal postural variables, tongue and hyoid position and airway measurements were evaluated on lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position. The study sample was divided into two groups according to lower incisor inclination (48 had IMPA&lt;90 ⁰ with a mean degree of 88.09 and 50 had IMPA&gt;90 ⁰ with a mean degree of 102.84) and a Student-t test was performed to compare and describe head posture, tongue and hyoid bone positions.Results: The subjects with upright incisors had a more posteriorly positioned hyoid bone relative to the mandibular symphysis compared with the subjects with flared incisors (p&lt;0.05). Tongue length was greater in the flared incisor group than in the upright incisor group (p&lt;0.05). In relation to head posture measurements, the upright incisor group had 3-3.5° larger cranio-cervical angles (NSL-OPT, NSL-CVT, NL-OPT, NL-CVT angles, p&lt;0.05) than the flared incisor group. The airway measurements revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups.Conclusions: The position of the hyoid bone, tongue length and craniocervical head posture showed significant differences between upright and flared lower incisors

Manutenção do equilíbrio entre a pressão das vias aéreas e a pressão intracraniana em paciente com estenose traqueal submetido à craniotomia: relato de caso

ResumoJustificativa e objetivosEstenose traqueal é uma doença rara, mas de risco, e a anestesia em paciente com estenose traqueal é um desafio para os anestesiologistas. Manter os parâmetros hemodinâmicos estáveis e a ventilação são questões importantes em neuroanestesia. Qualquer aumento da pressão de pico das vias aéreas e da ETCO2 resultará em aumento da pressão intracraniana, o que deve ser evitado durante craniotomias. A estenose traqueal pode ser uma razão para o aumento da pressão das vias aéreas.Relato de casoDescrevemos o caso de um paciente submetido à craniotomia com estenose traqueal.ConclusãoA preparação detalhada para a intubação, estabilizar a dinâmica das vias aéreas e tomar a decisão certa para a cirurgia foram pontos importantes. Manter um bom equilíbrio entre a dinâmica cerebral e a dinâmica das vias aéreas foi a pérola deste caso.AbstractBackground and objectivesTracheal stenosis is a rare but a life‐threatening condition and anesthesia of a patient with tracheal stenosis is challenging for anesthesiologists. Maintaining stable hemodynamics and ventilation parameters are important issues in neuroanesthesia. Any increase in airway peak pressure and ETCO2 will result in increase in intracranial pressure which must be avoided during craniotomies. Tracheal stenosis could be a reason for increased airway pressure.Case reportWe described a patient undergoing craniotomy with tracheal stenosis.ConclusionDetailed preparation for intubation, to stabilize airway dynamics and to make the right decision for the surgery were important points. To maintain a good balance between cerebral dynamics and airway dynamics were the pearls of this case

Dil Öğretimi Terimleri Önçalışması

Çağımızda yabancı dil bilmenin önemi yadsınamaz. Bunun sonucu olarak dil öğretimi de gün geçtikçe önem kazanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda dil öğretim sorunlarının ülkemiz açısından değerlendirilmesi ve dil öğretiminin çağdaş gereksinimlere cevap verecek şekilde düzenlenmesi yararlı olacaktır kanısındayız. Ayrıca bu alandaki kavramların anadilimizde ifadesini bulması da konuya açıklık getirecektir. Bu nedenle dil öğretimi terimleri üzerindeki çalışmaların yaygınlaştırılmasının yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Yaptığımız bu önçalışmanın bu konudaki diğer araştırma ve çalışmalara katkıda bulunacağını ümit ediyoruz

Shear bond strength of brackets to demineralize enamel after different pretreatment methods

Objective: To compare the influence of demineralized and variously pretreated demineralized enamel on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Materials and Methods: Sixty bovine enamel specimens were allocated to five groups (n  =  12). Specimens of group 1 were not demineralized and were not pretreated, but served as controls. The other specimens were demineralized to form artificial carious lesions. Samples from group 2 were only demineralized and were kept untreated in artificial saliva. The other samples were pretreated with highly concentrated fluoride preparations (group 3: Elmex Gelee, 1.23% F; group 4: Clinpro White Varnish, 2.23% F) or with an infiltrating resin (group 5: Icon). After respective pretreatments, brackets were adhesively fixed on all specimens with an adhesive system after etching with 35% phosphoric acid and application of a primer and bracket resin cement (Transbond XT). Bracket shear bond strength was evaluated with a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by a post-hoc Scheffé test. Results: Shear bond strength in control group 1 was statistically significantly greater compared with that in all other groups. Application of the infiltrating resin Icon (group 5) as pretreatment resulted in statistically significantly greater bond strength as compared with pretreatments with fluoride compounds (groups 3 and 4) and treatment provided without pretreatment (group 2). Groups 2, 3, and 4 did not significantly differ from each other. Conclusion: Pretreatment with the infiltrating resin is a beneficial approach to increasing the shear bond strength of brackets to demineralized enamel

İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Özet ve Hatırlama Metinlerinde Bağdaşıklık Sorunu

Dil gelişimi devam eden bir süreçtir. Çocuk, ilkokul döneminde sadece, sözlü dile ilişkin öğrendiklerini yazılı dile aktarmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda sözlü ve yazılı dil farklarının ayırdına varmaya ve çeşitli metin türleri arasındaki farklılıkları kavramaya çalışır. Bu nedenle ilkokul, çocuğun dil gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynar. Bu dönemde etkin bir anadili eğilimi yapabilmek, çocukların gelişimine katkıda bulunacak şekilde metin seçimine gidebilmek için bu dönemdeki çocuğun dil gelişim düzeyine ilişkin, özellikle metin düzleminde, saplamaların yapılmasında yarar olduğu düşünülmekledir. Bu düşünce ışığında, bu çalışmada ilkokul 2. ve 5. sınıl öğrencilerinin ürettikleri özet ve hatırlama metinleri incelenerek bu metinlerde bağdaşıklığı bozan durumlar saplanmaya çalışılmıştır