Proposal of Fraction Block as Reification of Ratio Fraction, Development of Learning Environment and Practical Use in an Elementary School

本論文では割合を意味する分数を具象化するものとして分数ブロックモデルを提案する．分数ブロックは分子ブロックと分母ブロックの組で表され，その比率を保ったまま伸縮させることができる．量の具象物であるテープに分数ブロックを合わせることで関係する長さの別のテープを取り出すことができる．これは分数の乗除算であり，割合分数の演算を具体的な操作として行うことができる．また，本研究では分数ブロックを実際に操作することのできる学習支援システムを小学校教諭と共同で設計・開発しており，割合を意味する分数としての妥当性を小学校での実践的利用により検証したのでそのことについても報告する

The Asia 2 specific signal peptide region and other domains in fusion protein genes characterized Asia 1 and Asia 2 canine distemper viruses

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although the presence of Asia 2 group of canine distemper virus (CDV) was known by the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (H) gene, the fusion (F) protein gene sequence of Asia 2 group had not been identified. So, the sequence analysis of F gene was carried out to elucidate the genotypic varaitons among Asian isolates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The phylogenetic analysis of F and H gene sequences from fourteen CDV isolates obtained from diseased dogs in Japan and Thailand indicated that the F genes had a new initiation codon and extra 27 nucleotides upstream of the usual open reading frame (ORF) and the F proteins had extra 9 amino acids at the N-terminal position only in Asia 2 isolates. On the contrary, the Asia 1 isolates had three extra putative N-glycosylation sites (two sites in the signal peptide region and one site in the F1 region) except for two strains of Th12 and Ac96I (two sites in signal peptide region) adding to four putative N-glycosylation sites that were conserved among all Asian isolates and Onderstepoort strain. In addition to this difference in N-glycosylation sites, the signal peptide region had a great diversity between Asia 1 and Asia 2 isolates. Also, characteristic amino acids were detected for some strains.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Asia 2 isolates were distinguished from other CDV lineages by the extra 27 nucleotide sequence. The signal peptide region of F gene gives a remarkable differentiation between Asia 1 and Asia 2 isolates. Strains Th12 and Ac96I were differentiated from other Asia 1 strains by the F protein glycosylation sites.</p

Propagation of Asian isolates of canine distemper virus (CDV) in hamster cell lines

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Backgrounds</p> <p>The aim of this study was to confirm the propagation of various canine distemper viruses (CDV) in hamster cell lines of HmLu and BHK, since only a little is known about the possibility of propagation of CDV in rodent cells irrespective of their epidemiological importance.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The growth of CDV in hamster cell lines was monitored by titration using Vero.dogSLAMtag (Vero-DST) cells that had been proven to be susceptible to almost all field isolates of CDV, with the preparations of cell-free and cell-associated virus from the cultures infected with recent Asian isolates of CDV (13 strains) and by observing the development of cytopathic effect (CPE) in infected cultures of hamster cell lines.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Eleven of 13 strains grew in HmLu cells, and 12 of 13 strains grew in BHK cells with apparent CPE of cell fusion in the late stage of infection. Two strains and a strain of Asia 1 group could not grow in HmLu cells and BHK cells, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study demonstrates at the first time that hamster cell lines can propagate the majority of Asian field isolates of CDV. The usage of two hamster cell lines suggested to be useful to characterize the field isolates biologically.</p

Development of MONSAKUN Touch and Practical Use in Class: Realization of Lesson of Posing of Arithmetical Word Problems

和若しくは差で解ける算数文章問題を対象とした単文統合型の作問学習支援システム“モンサクン”は数年に渡り複数の小学校の授業で利用されている．しかしながら，これらの授業では既に対象領域の学習を終えている2年生以上を対象としていたため，付加的な学習としての位置づけになっていた．本研究では，対象領域を学習中である1年生を対象に，単文統合型の作問の実施を目指した．このためにはシステムと授業の融合が必要となるため，(1) システムの通常教室での利用，(2) 作問状況のリアルタイムでの把握，(3) 作問法の教授，が解決すべき課題となった．本論文ではこれらの課題を解決するために行った，(I) モンサクンのタブレット化，(II) 作問状況モニタリングと集計・可視化機能の実現，(III) 作問法の教授法の考案，を述べる．またシステムを用いた9時限に渡る実践を行い，その分析結果から，システムが十分に利用可能であったこと，学習者の問題解決能力や作問能力の向上が見られたことが確認できたので，これを報告する

Lipomatous Pseudohypertrophy of the Pancreas Taking the Form of Huge Massive Lesion of the Pancreatic Head

A 70-year-old woman presented with hypogastric pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a retroperitoneal tumor 18.0 cm in diameter with fatty tissue density, ventrally compressing the pancreatic head. We suspected a well-differentiated liposarcoma compressing the pancreas. At laparotomy, the tumor mass was the size of an infant's head; its center was located in the area corresponding to the pancreatic uncus. It was continuous with the pancreatic parenchyma through a poorly demarcated border, and we resected as much of the tumor mass as possible while conserving the pancreatic capsule. Histopathological examination indicated lipomatous pseudohypertrophy of the pancreas with proliferation of mature fatty tissue as the main constituent. At the periphery, islands of acinar tissue were retained among the fatty infiltration, which also contained branches of the pancreatic duct and islets of Langerhans. Previous reports have stated that this disorder only causes fatty replacements throughout the pancreas or in the pancreatic body and tail; however, in this patient, imaging and macroscopic examination revealed no fatty replacements in the pancreatic body and tail. We report this case, which we consider extremely rare, along with a brief review of the literature

Interactive Learning Environment for Posing 1-step Multiplication Word Problem and Its Experimental Use

筆者らはこれまでに，1 回の加減で解決できる算数文章題を対象として，三文構成モデルによる作問学習支援システムを開発している．本研究では，システムを小学校2年生で学習する乗算の領域へと拡張するものであり，システムの拡張から1クラス9時限の実践利用までを行ったので，報告する．結果としては，システムを利用することで問題解決能力はあっても，構造の理解が浅い学習者に対して，構造理解を深められることを示唆する結果が得られた

Interactive Environment for Posing 1-step Multiplication or Division Word Problem for Promoting Structural Understanding and Its Experimental Use

筆者らは単文統合型の作問学習支援システムを加減算と乗算の領域で設計・開発し，システムが問題の構造理解に有用であることを確認してきた．本研究では学習の次の段階として，システムを乗除算の領域に拡張することが目的である．ただし，システムは単に加減を乗除に置き換えて実現できるものではなく，対象とする乗除算文章題の構造モデルを作成し，モデルに基づいたシステムの設計が必要となる．このモデルを提案し，作成したシステムを授業に組み込むことで，単文統合型の作問学習による乗除算算数文章題の教授が実現した．　この効果を，対象領域を学習した小学生に対して11時限に及ぶ実践利用から検証した結果，対象授業が問題なく受け入れられ，特に構造理解の不十分な学習者に対して成績の向上が見られたので報告する

IgG-class anti-PF4/heparin antibodies and symptomatic DVT in orthopedic surgery patients receiving different anti-thromboembolic prophylaxis therapeutics

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a thromboembolic complication that can occur with unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Our objective was to determine and compare the incidence of IgG-class HIT antibodies in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with different antithrombotic prophylaxis therapies and their contributions to the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A prospective observational study was performed for 374 Japanese patients undergoing THA or TKA to determine the incidence of VTE. IgG-class anti-PF4/heparin antibodies were measured using IgG-specific EIA before and after the operation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the clinical outcome, the incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was 15.0% (56/374, TKA; 35, THA; 21) and pulmonary emboli (PE) were not observed. The total seroconversion incidence of IgG-class PF4/heparin antibodies was 19.8% (74/374). The seroconversion incidence of IgG-class PF4/heparin antibodies was higher in patients receiving UFH (32.7%) compared to those receiving LMWH (9.5%) or fondaparinux (14.8%). Furthermore, the seroconversion incidence was significantly higher in patients undergoing TKA compared to those undergoing THA. Based on multivariate analysis, seroconversion of the IgG-class PF4/heparin antibodies was independent a risk factor for symptomatic DVT.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our findings show that the seroconversion of IgG-class anti-PF4/heparin antibodies differed with various anti-thrombotic prophylaxis therapeutics and was associated with the risk of DVT in a subset of patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TKA and THA).</p