EFFECT OF FATIGUE ON ELECTOR SPINAE MUSCLES ON TRUNK POSTURAL KINEMATICS AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHYIC ACTIVITIS DURING REPETITIVE BACK SQUAT

The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the change of the trunk posture and electromyographic (EMG) activities of elector spinae muscle and lower extremity muscles during repetitive squat motion in two different conditions with or without the back muscle fatigue task. The results demonstrated that forward trunk inclination was significantly increased during the no-fatigue condition. In addition, the forward trunk inclination appeared to be greater in the pre-fatigue condition than the non-fatigue condition. In addition, the EMG activities in the erector spinae muscles were significantly increased in the non-fatigue condition, but not in the EMG activities in the pre-fatigue condition. Appropriate muscle strength must be necessary for squat exercise to maximize the training effects and to avoid lower back injuries

脳性麻痺の科学的トレーニングについて : 陸上競技を中心にして

研究ノート本研究は脳性麻痺者のスポーツに着眼し、100m走での運動能力の差による相違を筋断面積と筋力、動作速度、ミドルパワーについて運動能力別に比較検討する。さらに、脳性麻痺者に対する科学的トレーニングについて、日本でトップレベルの選手1名について追跡調査し、脳性麻痺者の短距離走に必要な能力について検討を試みる。対象はアテトーゼを主徴とする走行可能な脳性麻痺者3名(日本選手権参加レベル2名、その他1名)、痙直型片麻痺者1名(日本選手権参加レベル)、走行可能な痙直型脳性麻痺者1名、手すり使用で歩行可能な痙直型脳性麻痺者1名(日常生活は車椅子使用)、歩行不可能で車椅子使用の痙直型脳性麻痺者1名、平均年齢27.4歳男性7名であった。その中でアテトーゼを主徴とする走行可能な脳性麻痺者1名(日本選手権参加レベル)については、定期的に合計10回測定した。測定項目は(1)形態・身体組成(身長・体重・体脂肪率)(2)MRI画像(大腰筋断面積、大腿部・下腿部筋断面積など)(3)動作速度(膝振り上げ速度・膝振り下ろし速度)(4)等速性筋力(膝関節・股関節の伸展・屈曲の筋力)(5)無酸素性能力:ミドルパワー(30秒間の自転車エルゴメーター)である。本研究において、等速性筋力、動作速度については歩行可能な知的障害のない軽度、中程度の脳性麻痺者であれば測定が可能である。今回の検査により、脳性麻痺者において走行能力の高い者ほど筋の断面積が大きく、車椅子使用者で歩行能力の低い者ほど筋の発達が悪いことが示唆された。また、動作速度、等速性筋力も走行能力の高い者ほど高い傾向が認められている。短距離走の記録向上にとってミドルパワー、動作速度、筋力などの能力が必要である。動作速度は膝振り下ろし速度、筋力については膝関節屈曲力の重要性が示唆された

脳性麻痺者の科学的トレーニングに関する基礎的研究(第1報) : 科学的根拠に基づくトレーニングの可能性

論文脳性麻痺者のスポーツは過激な運動によって異常筋緊張や伸張反射を誘発し、拘縮・変形を助長するのでよくないといわれてきた。脳性麻痺のリハビリテーション場面においても、筋の異常な協調作用が問題であり、筋の機能を発揮しようとする際に、数少ない異常な運動パターンでしかそれを発揮することができないところに問題があるとしている。本研究では脳性麻痺の障害像を理解した上で、脳性麻痺者の科学的トレーニングの可能性を検討するとともに、科学的トレーニングの方法について明らかにする。対象はアテトーゼを主徴とする走行可能な脳性麻痺者1名(日本選手権参加レベル)について、3ヶ月ごとに定期的に測定する。測定項目は1.形態・身体組成(身長・体重・体脂肪率)2.MRI画像(大腿部筋面積・大腰筋面積など)3.等速性筋力(膝関節・股関節の伸展・屈曲の筋力)4.動作速度(膝振り上げ速度・膝振り下ろし速度)5.無酸素性能力:ミドルパワー(30秒間の自転車エルゴメーター)である。測定数値がいい状態での競技成績は良好であった。障害の程度により科学的データに裏付けられたトレーニングには限界があると考えられるが、日本選手権参加レベルの軽い脳性麻痺者については可能であると推察された。It has been said that it is not good, because sports of the cerebral paralytic induce abnormal muscular strain and extension reflection by the radical motion, and because contracture and deformation are promoted. In the rehabilitation scene of the cerebral paralysis, the abnormal concerted action of the muscle is a problem, and there is a problem in the place where to demonstrate it only in the few and abnormal motion pattern is not possible, when it intends to demonstrate the function of the muscle. The method of the scientific training is clarified, when the failure image of the cerebral paralysis was understood, while the possibility of the scientific training of the cerebral paralytic is examined in this study. On cerebral paralytic of 1 person (the Japan championship participation level) whose the running which makes athetosis to be a main characteristic is possible, the object is measured periodically in every 3 months. Measurement item are 1. Form and Body Composition (height, body weight, body fat rate) 2. MRI Image (thigh division muscle area, psoas major muscle area, etc.) 3. Isokinetic Muscle Power (muscle power of knee joint and hip joint) 4. Motion Velocity (knee upswing speed, knee downswing speed) 5. Anoxygenic Ability: middle power (bicycle ergometer for 30 seconds). The game result in the condition in which the measurement numerical value was good was good. Though there seemed to be a limit in the training in which the degree of the obstacle proved in the scientific data, it was guessed that the Japan championship participation level is possible on the mild and cerebral paralysis

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研究ノー

静岡県における障害者が利用できるスポーツ関連施設に関する基礎的研究(第1報) : スポーツ関連施設における障害者の受け入れ状況

論文障害者の健康管理を目的として、静岡県内にあるスポーツ関連施設356施設に対して、障害者の受け入れ状況をアンケートにて調査した。回答が得られたスポーツ関連施設数は177施設(49.7%)であった。アンケート調査の結果、障害者が利用できるスポーツ内容は1.水泳44施設(40.0%)2.筋力トレーニング32施設(28.3%)3.テニス24施設(21.8%)4.エアロビクス19施設(17.3%)5.卓球19施設(17.3%)の順である。障害者の受け入れ状況においては、精神障害者と視覚障害者の受け入れに困難性が指摘された。施設の設備面では、車椅子対応の設備としてスロープ・段差及び車椅子でできるスポーツ器具の不足が問題となり、今後これらの問題の解決が重要なポイントになる。また、障害者がリハビリテーション施設として利用できる施設数は85施設(47.5%)であり、将来的にはリハビリテーション施設としての可能性が示唆された

Risk factors for perioperative venous thromboembolism: A retrospective study in Japanese women with gynecologic diseases

BACKGROUND: Patients with gynecologic cancer have a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) like patients with other cancers. However, there is little information on risk factors for VTE during gynecologic surgery and no uniform preventive strategy. Our objectives were to identify risk factors for perioperative VTE in gynecologic patients and establish methods for prevention. METHODS: We analyzed 1,232 patients who underwent surgery at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of St. Marianna University School of Medicine between January 2005 and June 2008. We investigated (1) risk factors for preoperative VTE, (2) use of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter, and (3) risk factors for postoperative VTE. RESULTS: There were 39 confirmed cases of perioperative VTE (3.17%), including 25 patients with preoperative VTE and 14 with postoperative VTE. Thirty-two patients had cancer and seven patients had benign diseases. Twenty-two of the 32 cancer patients (68.7%) had preoperative VTE, while postoperative VTE occurred in 10 cancer patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that ovarian cancer, tumor diameter ≥10 cm, and previous of VTE were independent risk factors for preoperative VTE. Among ovarian cancer patients, multivariate analysis showed that an age ≥50 years, the presence of heart disease, clear cell adenocarcinoma, and tumor diameter ≥20 cm were independent risk factors for preoperative VTE. The factors significantly related to preoperative VTE in patients with benign disease included previous VTE, age ≥55 years, tumor diameter ≥20 cm, and a history of allergic-immunologic disease. Thirteen of the 25 patients (52%) with preoperative VTE had an IVC filter inserted preoperatively. Postoperative screening (interview and D-dimer measurement) revealed VTE in 14/1,232 patients (1.14%). Multivariate analysis indicated that cancer surgery, a history of allergic-immunologic disease, and blood transfusion ≥2,000 ml were independent risk factors for postoperative VTE. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative VTE is often fatal and preventive measures should be taken in the gynecologic field, especially when patients have the risk factors identified in this study. Since VTE is often present before surgery, preoperative screening is important and use of an IVC filter should be considered

Clinical significance of side population in ovarian cancer cells

Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that tumors, including ovarian cancer, are composed of a heterogeneous cell population with a small subset of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that sustain tumor formation and growth. The emergence of drug resistance is one of the most difficult problems in the treatment of ovarian cancer, which has been explained recently by the potential of CSCs to have superior resistance against anti-cancer drugs than conventional cancer cells. In this study, we expanded this line of study to examine whether this phenomenon is also observed in clinical specimens of ovarian cancer cells. In total we could analyze 28 samples out of 60 obtained from ovarian cancer patients. The clinical samples were subjected to testing of the expression of side population (SP) as a CSC marker, and according to the presence of SP (SP+) or absence of SP (SP−), clinicopathological significances were analyzed. Although there was no statistical significance, there were more SP+s in recurrent cases as well as in ascitic and peritoneal dissemination than in primary tumor of the ovary. There was no correlation between SP status and FIGO staging. In 19 cases of those who could be followed more than 6 months from initial therapy, there were 8 cases of recurrence or death from disease, and all of these were SP+. On the other hand, in 11 cases of disease-free survivors, 6 were SP+. There was a significant difference in prognosis between SP+ and SP− (p = 0.017). Although this study was limited, it revealed that SP could be contained more in recurrent or metastatic tumors than in primary tumors, and also that the presence of SP could be a risk factor of recurrence in ovarian cancer. Therefore, a novel therapeutic strategy targeting SP could improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer