4 research outputs found
Proposal for Global Standard Maneuvering Orders for Tugboats
The use of âStandard Maneuvering Ordersâ for tugboats, vocabulary and phrases mutually pre-agreed between ships and tugboats, is essential for the former to provide clear direction for the latter when berthing or un-berthing safely. Tugboats will need time to change their posture before they take actions in response to orders from persons responsible for shipsâ maneuvering. Therefore, when giving directions to change tugboatsâ posture, persons who handle their ships are required to send out tug orders, with regard to âdelay time,â a gap be-tween the orders from ships and the actions taken by tugboats. âTug Ordersâ standardized and used in Japan are composed of the following three factors concerning towage work: tugboatâs motion, direction and engine power, but the authorâs research shows that there are âNon-standardâ special maneuvering orders other than those âstandardized,â which causes such problems as a gap in perception between pilots and tugboatâs opera-tors, etc. The purpose of this paper is to research the delay time between orders for and actions by tugboats and consider the appropriate and safe timing of providing instructions to them, and then to propose globally-authorized âStandard Maneuvering Orders for tugboatsâ, discussing a problem involved in the use of the special orders used in Japan, and the way in which tug orders are used in other countries