Analysis of essential macro-micro mineral content of twelve hosta taxa

Hosta is a perennial ornamental herb, sometimes consumed as a vegetable in Japan. We evaluated the leaf mineral content of twelve hosta plant taxa, namely Hosta sieboldiana, H. alismifolia, H. sieboldii, H. longissima, H. tardiva, H. longipes var. gracillima, H. nakaiana, H. kikutii var. caput-avis, H. kikutii var. polyneuron, H. longipes var. caduca, H. kiyosumiensis, and H. montana. The leaf K content of 12 hosta plant taxa ranged from 2.85 to 4.05%; the P content from 0.13 to 0.34%; Ca from 0.02 to 1.15%; Mg from 540.00 to 794.12 ppm; Mn 26.93 to 133.77 ppm; Zn 115.39 to 334.52 ppm; Cu 1.78 to 5.95 ppm and Fe 26.43 to 251.95 ppm. Our results indicate that H. alismifolia is the best source of K; H. sieboldii the best sources of Ca and Fe; H. nakaiana of P, Mg and Zn; and H. longissima of Mg and Cu. The K content value for H. montana was statistically identical to that for H. alismifolia. The Cu content values for H. montana and H. nakaiana were statically identical to that for H. longissima. H. alismifolia, H. sieboldii, H. longissima, H. nakaiana, and H. montana were found to be richer in the minerals studied than the other species studied here

Low Concentration of Anti-Auxin and Anti-Fungal Agent Accelerates the PLB Regeneration of <i>Dendrobium okinawense</i> under Green LED

Dendrobium okinawense is an endangered epiphytic orchid, and there has been no scientific report so far on its propagation. Protocorm is a mass of cells, and protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) are lookalike protocorms produced by vegetative explants in vitro. Regeneration of PLBs is a widely used technique for orchid micropropagation. We used different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for the PLB regeneration of D. okinawense. The number of PLBs and fresh weight were increased by 81.1% and 80.8%, respectively, under green LED over the white fluorescent (WF) light. We added different concentrations of PCIB (p-Chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid, an anti-auxin) and HMI (3-Hydroxy-5-methyl isoxazole, an anti-fungal agent) in culture media. The number of PLBs was increased in media having 0.01 mg/L of PCIB (35.9%) compared to control (no PCIB), whereas 19.3% increased in media having 0.01 mL/L of HMI compared to control (no HMI). Green LED in combination with 0.01 mg/L of PCIB significantly increased the number of PLBs (69.0%) compared to the WF–without PCIB combination. In LEDs-PCIB and LED-HMI combinations, HMI did not show better PLBs regeneration compared with PCIB. The results suggested that a combination of low concentrations of PCIB and green LED have the potential to accelerate PLB regeneration of D. okinawense

Low Concentration of Anti-Auxin and Anti-Fungal Agent Accelerates the PLB Regeneration of Dendrobium okinawense under Green LED

Dendrobium okinawense is an endangered epiphytic orchid, and there has been no scientific report so far on its propagation. Protocorm is a mass of cells, and protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) are lookalike protocorms produced by vegetative explants in vitro. Regeneration of PLBs is a widely used technique for orchid micropropagation. We used different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for the PLB regeneration of D. okinawense. The number of PLBs and fresh weight were increased by 81.1% and 80.8%, respectively, under green LED over the white fluorescent (WF) light. We added different concentrations of PCIB (p-Chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid, an anti-auxin) and HMI (3-Hydroxy-5-methyl isoxazole, an anti-fungal agent) in culture media. The number of PLBs was increased in media having 0.01 mg/L of PCIB (35.9%) compared to control (no PCIB), whereas 19.3% increased in media having 0.01 mL/L of HMI compared to control (no HMI). Green LED in combination with 0.01 mg/L of PCIB significantly increased the number of PLBs (69.0%) compared to the WF&ndash;without PCIB combination. In LEDs-PCIB and LED-HMI combinations, HMI did not show better PLBs regeneration compared with PCIB. The results suggested that a combination of low concentrations of PCIB and green LED have the potential to accelerate PLB regeneration of D. okinawense

Effect of Light Quality, Sucrose and Trehalose on In Vitro Organogenesis of Cymbidium devonianum (Lindl.)

The present study investigated the effect of sucrose, trehalose and combination of sucrose and trehalose with modified MS medium on in vitro regulation of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Cymbidium devonianum under different quality of lights (white fluorescent tube, green, red and blue LED). As a result of this study, new PLB and shoots were successfully regenerated on modified MS medium under different quality of lights. The highest PLB formation rate (100%) and the highest shoot formation rate (85%) were observed amongst explants cultured on medium supplemented with 10 g/l sucrose + 10 g/l trehalose under green LED. The maximum fresh weight of PLBs, the highest average number of PLBs and shoots were recorded on medium containing 10 g/l sucrose + 10 g/l trehalose under green LED. For plant tissue culture, sucrose is considered an indisputably important carbon and energy source and biosynthesis of trehalose is similar to that of sucrose. The hereby study concluded that the contribution of LED lights, sucrose and trehalose (combined) can induce PLB and shoot formation of Cymbidium devonianum tissue culture without the use of any other plant growth regulator, whereas the green light showed the best formation rate compare with the other studied qualities of lights

ORGANOGENESIS OF CYMBIDIUM ORCHID USING ELICITORS

Elicitors are substances that induce protective responses in plants. In this study, methyl jasmonate (Me-JA) and lysozyme elicitation on PLBs culture of Cymbidium insigne in vitro was investigated. Elicitation by 0.1 mg/l Me-JA enhanced maximum PLB, shoot and root formation. The effects of lysozyme under white fluorescent tube, results indicated that every concentrations of lysozyme induced PLB, shoot and root formation and 0.1 mg/l lysozyme enhanced maximum formation of PLB, shoot and root compare with control. Lysozyme is known to play a vital role in medical industry and the present study firstly used lysozyme, as a plant growth regulator in Cymbidium tissue culture

Study on inter-taxon population structure and diversity variation of hosta inferring from trnG-trnS regional cpDNA

Diversity studies are now a key tool in genetic conservation work. The perennial herb genus Hosta showed a complex radiation of numerous species in mountains and riversides around the Shikoku Island, Japan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trnS-trnG regional genetic structure and the genetic divergence within hosta taxa populations in this area. We sequenced trnS-trnG regional (chloroplast DNA) cpDNA in 81 populations comprising 399 individuals of 11 Hosta taxa collected from Shikoku area. The different numbers of haplotypes were found in different taxon. The divergences of population of Hosta genus and individual taxon were shown in NJ phylogenetic tree. The highest number of haplotypes (14) was found in H. longipes var. gracillima. H. sieboldiana and H. kiyosumiensis populations showed the maximum haplotype diversity (1.0), and H. alismifolia showed maximum nucleotide diversity (π: 0.012). The genetic structures of the H. tardiva with H. kikutii var. caput-avis (FST divergence: 52.7%) and H. sieboldiana with H. tardiva (FST divergence: 52.2%) populations were greatly differentiated from each other (FST value: >0.15 to 0.25). We found maximum evolutionary divergence (0.009) between H. alismifolia and H. kikutii var. polyneuron populations. The significant negative neutrality test values are the evidence of expansion of the total population. H. sieboldiana and H. kiyosumiensis are more widely distributed than other taxa. H. sieboldiana, H. alismifolia, H. longipes var. gracillima and H. kikutii var. polyneuron showed the excessive low frequency variants