Social impact and healthcare- seeking behavior for urinary incontinence among perimenopausal women attending gynae out patient department in BSMMU

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a highly prevalent and burdensome condition among women.However,fewer than half of women with symptoms consult with a physician about incontinence, and determinant of treatment seeking are not well understood. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, awareness and determinants of urinary incontinence (UI) among women attending GOPD in BSMMU and the sociodemographic factors involved in their health care-seeking behaviour. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in Gynaeout patient department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University with a sample of 800 women aged 45 yrs and above. Results: A total of 1000 women were recruited for the study by purposive sampling,among them 800 agreed to participate and completed the questionnaire. Of these, 165 (20.6%) were found to have UL Overall, the reason for not seeking medical attention was mainly embarrassment (40.6%) at having to speak with doctor. Of the total study sample, 566 subjects (70.6%) believed that UI was abnormal and worth reporting to a doctor. Coping mechanisms among incontinent women included frequent washing (58.3%) and wearing a protective perineal pad (42.4%), changing underwear frequently (41.3%), decreasing fluid intake (19.8%) and stopping all work (4.9%). Sufferers were most troubled by their inability to pray (64%) maintain marital relationship (47%), limitation of their social activities (20%), difficulty in doing housework (14%) and inconven­ience during shopping (13%). Most (56%) found it most embarrassing to discuss UI with their husbands. The majority of women (51.9%) believed child birth to be the major cause ofUI, followed by ageing (49.5%), menopause (34.2%) and paralysis (25.3%). Most of the subjects (62.3%) believe that UI can cause infection, some (20.5%) believe that it can cause skin allergy and very few think that it can cause cancer or other disorders. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that although UI is relatively common ,it is undereported by the women because of social and cultural attitudes. This findings suggest that strategies to promote care-seeking for incontinence must be developed and employed in the community

Social impact and healthcare- seeking behavior for urinary incontinence among perimenopausal women attending gynae out patient department in BSMMU

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a highly prevalent and burdensome condition among women.However,fewer than half of women with symptoms consult with a physician about incontinence, and determinant of treatment seeking are not well understood.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, awareness and determinants of urinary incontinence (UI) among women attending GOPD in BSMMU and the sociodemographic factors involved in their health care-seeking behaviour.Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in Gynaeout patient department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University with a sample of 800 women aged 45 yrs and above.Results: A total of 1000 women were recruited for the study by purposive sampling,among them 800 agreed to participate and completed the questionnaire. Of these, 165 (20.6%) were found to have UL Overall, the reason for not seeking medical attention was mainly embarrassment (40.6%) at having to speak with doctor. Of the total study sample, 566 subjects (70.6%) believed that UI was abnormal and worth reporting to a doctor. Coping mechanisms among incontinent women included frequent washing (58.3%) and wearing a protective perineal pad (42.4%), changing underwear frequently (41.3%), decreasing fluid intake (19.8%) and stopping all work (4.9%). Sufferers were most troubled by their inability to pray (64%) maintain marital relationship (47%), limitation of their social activities (20%), difficulty in doing housework (14%) and inconven­ience during shopping (13%). Most (56%) found it most embarrassing to discuss UI with their husbands. The majority of women (51.9%) believed child birth to be the major cause ofUI, followed by ageing (49.5%), menopause (34.2%) and paralysis (25.3%). Most of the subjects (62.3%) believe that UI can cause infection, some (20.5%) believe that it can cause skin allergy and very few think that it can cause cancer or other disorders.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that although UI is relatively common ,it is undereported by the women because of social and cultural attitudes. This findings suggest that strategies to promote care-seeking for incontinence must be developed and employed in the community

Role of single dose prophylactic antibiotic in elective caesarean section

Background: Maternal morbidity related to infection after caesarean section has been reported to be higher than that of vaginal delivery. The prevention of infection in patients undergoing caesarean section is a major challenge, particularly in hospitals, where there is frequent chance of cross infection due to overcrowding. Objective: The present study was undertaken to see the efficacy of single dose cetriaxone as a prophylaxis in elective caesarean section to prevent postop­erative infection. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 100 patients who underwent elective caesarean section where single dose of Ceftriaxone was used as prophylaxis in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Bang­abandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital, between January to June 2010. The outcomes measures were post­operative febrile morbidity, wound infe-ction and other infections (urinary tract infection, chest infection). Data were analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 11.5.Results: Over one-third (38%) patients age group was between 18 -25 years, 56% in between 25 -35 years and 6% were over 35 years old. Nearly half(46%) was anemic (haemoglobin< 11 g/dl) and 16% was obese (BMI?28 kg/m2). All the patients were operated by obstetricians of same level. Three per cent patients developed wound infection, 5% developed other infections like UTI and chest infection and 7% had febrile illness. Among the several factors suspected to be associated with post operative complications, preoperative anaemia, long duration of operation (>60 minutes) and prolonged hospital stay (>1 week) were found to be significantly assocated with postoperative complications.Conclusion: The present study suggests that single dose prophylactic antibiotic ceftriaxone given 1 hour before operation in patients with cesarean section deliveries reduces the chance of postoperative infection to a bare minimum

Role of single dose prophylactic antibiotic in elective caesarean section

Background: Maternal morbidity related to infection after caesarean section has been reported to be higher than that of vaginal delivery. The prevention of infection in patients undergoing caesarean section is a major challenge, particularly in hospitals, where there is frequent chance of cross infection due to overcrowding. Objective: The present study was undertaken to see the efficacy of single dose cetriaxone as a prophylaxis in elective caesarean section to prevent postop­erative infection. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 100 patients who underwent elective caesarean section where single dose of Ceftriaxone was used as prophylaxis in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Bang­abandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital, between January to June 2010. The outcomes measures were post­operative febrile morbidity, wound infe-ction and other infections (urinary tract infection, chest infection). Data were analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 11.5.Results: Over one-third (38%) patients age group was between 18 -25 years, 56% in between 25 -35 years and 6% were over 35 years old. Nearly half(46%) was anemic (haemoglobin< 11 g/dl) and 16% was obese (BMI?28 kg/m2). All the patients were operated by obstetricians of same level. Three per cent patients developed wound infection, 5% developed other infections like UTI and chest infection and 7% had febrile illness. Among the several factors suspected to be associated with post operative complications, preoperative anaemia, long duration of operation (>60 minutes) and prolonged hospital stay (>1 week) were found to be significantly assocated with postoperative complications.Conclusion: The present study suggests that single dose prophylactic antibiotic ceftriaxone given 1 hour before operation in patients with cesarean section deliveries reduces the chance of postoperative infection to a bare minimum

Short-term determinants of banking profitability and financial sustainability of banks in Bangladesh: An empirical study of COVID-19 effects

The purpose of this study is to examine the profitability and financial sustainability of banks in Bangladesh before and during COVID-19. The study compares the profitability and financial sustainability of 23 listed private commercial banks. The data for short-term periods before the COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 crisis we used. Financial ratios, descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and linear regression model estimations are used for the analysis of data. The mean values of ROA, ROE and NIM are found before the COVID-19 crisis as 0.0019, 0.0270 and 0.0054, and during the COVID-19 as 0.00128, 0.01856 and 0.00321 respectively. On the other hand, the mean values of NFLR, CCR, ICR, and OSR are found before COVID-19 as 2.0936, 6.852, 0.9314 and 0.4751, and during COVID-19 as -2.5961, 5.879, 0.7673 and 0.3587 respectively. The findings construe a significant impact of the unprecedented pandemic. Within a short period of time, sample banks’ profitability and financial sustainability deteriorated significantly. A key implication of our study is that the private-sector commercial banks in Bangladesh experienced severe financial difficulties during COVID-19 which impacted their profitability and financial sustainability. The findings of the study suggest that adverse economic events have substantial effects on the financial realities of financial institutions. The findings of the study are expected to be useful to both academics and policymakers