Spin-Polarized to Valley-Polarized Transition in Graphene Bilayers at ν=0\nu=0 in High Magnetic Fields

We investigate the transverse electric field ($E$) dependence of the $\nu$=0 quantum Hall state (QHS) in dual-gated graphene bilayers in high magnetic fields. The longitudinal resistivity ($\rho_{xx}$) measured at $\nu$=0 shows an insulating behavior which is strongest in the vicinity of $E$=0, and at large $E$-fields. At a fixed perpendicular magnetic field ($B$), the $\nu$=0 QHS undergoes a transition as a function of $E$, marked by a minimum, temperature-independent $\rho_{xx}$. This observation is explained by a transition from a spin polarized $\nu$=0 QHS at small $E$-fields, to a valley (layer) polarized $\nu$=0 QHS at large $E$-fields. The $E$-field value at which the transition occurs has a linear dependence on $B$Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

The Role of the 12/8 Time Signature in J. S. Bach's Sacred Vocal Music

Only in recent years have scholars begun to explicate the principles of the temporal system that formed the basic foundation of Johann Sebastian Bach's notational practice. However, research that focuses on the role of a particular time signature in Bach's sacred vocal music has been lacking. This dissertation provides a case study that examines the role of the 12/8 time signature found in Bach's sacred vocal music, and the new compositional procedures Bach implemented in conjunction with it. To address the important role of the 12/8 time signature, I trace the musico-historical context in which the signature was defined and employed by late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century theorists and composers. Through an analysis of the treatises of the period along with selected musical examples, I identify the temporal, notational, compositional conventions associated to the signature. Further, I analyze the movements notated in 12/8 in Bach's sacred vocal music in terms of their stylistic, notational, and formal procedures, exploring the extent to which Bach adhered to or deviated from these conventions.My analysis is based on six independent categories of Bach's 12/8 movements, each representing a specific type of piece. These categories include: 12/8 and continuo arias, 12/8 and chorale, 12/8 and the gigue, Cantata 136 and new experimentation, 12/8 in the passions, and 12/8 and the pastorale. Also important are the notational, stylistic, and formal changes that take place in each category over the course of time. These changes often occur in association with Bach's experimentation with new compositional procedures. Examination of the 12/8 movements also reveals the great care Bach takes in capturing the theological images and messages of the text. The examination of the music and text of Bach's 12/8 movements reveals that when he chooses to use the 12/8 time signature, he not only links it to the notational and temporal conventions he had inherited from his predecessors, but also adapts and modifies it, often with the use of new compositional procedures, to achieve new and distinctive musical results

Risk Factors for Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Heart Failure

Community-dwelling older adults with heat failure (HF) appear to have a greater risk of falling related to their symptoms, comorbid diseases, and/or adverse effect of HF management. The complexity of HF conditions and the growing number of HF patients pose new challenges for developing innovative fall prevention programs. To be successful, it is essential first to examine the independent effect of HF on falls, and to describe fall risk factors in the HF population. However, little is known about the effect of HF on falls in the U.S. population, and known risk factors have not been fully examined specific to HF patients. This study had two aims. Aim 1 examined the independent effect of HF on the likelihood of falling among community-dwelling older adults. Aim 2 explored functional impairment (i.e., physical, cognitive, sensory, and urinary impairment) in explaining falls among community-dwelling older adults with HF. This retrospective cohort study used data from Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally-representative longitudinal study. The sample for Aim 1 included 17,712 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 or older, who participated in at least two consecutive HRS interview waves between 1998 and 2014. Among them, the sample for Aim 2 included 1,693 community-dwelling older adults with self-reported HF. This study found that HF patients had a 14% higher likelihood of falling than those without HF, after controlling for socio-demographics, physical and psychological symptoms, health behaviors, functional factors, psychiatric medication use, and environmental factors (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26). This study of the sample of HF patients found that while a decline in sensory function was least associated with falls, three functional domains (declines in physical, cognitive, or urinary function) were associated with an approximately two-fold higher likelihood of falling, after controlling for socio-demographic factors (i.e., age, sex, race/ethnicity, and spouse/partner status). This study provides empirical evidence for developing fall prevention interventions specific to community-dwelling older adults with HF. Future prospective studies are needed to extend this research to elucidate the causal mechanism among HF, functional factors and falls. Also, future work is needed to understand the indirect effect of behavioral/environmental factors, and/or person-environment interactions, which have not been fully tested on falls in HF patients. In order to develop and test fall prevention interventions for this population, more attention needs to be paid to HF patients’ fall experiences in outpatient, primary or home care settings and their need for support from caregivers, health providers, and the social community.PHDNursingUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144142/1/kayolee_1.pd

Quantum transport in bilayer graphene and its heterostructures

Bilayer graphene represents an attractive two-dimensional electron system for electron physics and potential device applications. In this dissertation, we present a comprehensive experimental study of electron transport in bilayer graphene, and its heterostructures. Using double bilayer graphene heterostructures, separated by a hexagonal boron nitride dielectric, we map the chemical potential in the bottom bilayer employing the top bilayer as a resistively detected Kelvin probe. The measured chemical potential-density dependence at zero magnetic field shows signatures of electron-electron interactions, along with electron-hole asymmetry. We provide an in-depth investigation of quantum Hall (QH) ferromagnetism in bilayer graphene, revealing new QH phases at filling factors ν = 0 and ν = ±2, predicted to possess coherent Landau level superpositions, spin-to-valley polarized transitions, as well as interaction-driven negative compressibility. We also study the interactions between the two bilayers, where the interlayer spacing is smaller than the intra-layer particle spacing by probing frictional drag, a phenomenon in which charge current flowing in one (drive) layer induces a voltage drop in the opposite (drag) layer. At temperatures (T) lower than 10 K, we observe a large anomalous negative drag near the drag layer charge neutrality, which increases dramatically with reducing T, strikingly becoming comparable to the layer resistivity at the lowest T = 1.5 K. A comparison of the drag resistivity and the drag layer Peltier coefficient suggests a thermoelectric origin of the drag.Electrical and Computer Engineerin

A Study on the Development Status and Type Classification of Global Smart Healthcare Wearable Device

In recent years, companies have started producing innovative products that combine Information and Communications Technology (ICT) with textiles, and consumer interest in the wearable industry is increasing. By searching Korean and English keywords in Google, NAVER, and wearable-related websites, this study examines smart healthcare wearable device products and outlines the types and characteristics of these products. In the results of this study, there were a total of 51 device products from seven countries, including 24 products from the US, 14 from Korea, four from China, four from France, two from Japan, two from the UK, and one from Sweden. These 51 devices were classified that depending on their functions into healthcare-type and exercise-care-type products. The healthcare-type devices included a total of 37 products: 11 from Korea, 17 from the US, four from China, three from France, one from the UK, and one from Japan. The exercise-care-type devices included a total of 14 products: three from Korea, seven from the US, one from the UK, one from Sweden, one from France, and one from Japan. Next, in the results from classifying the form of products, regarding wearables worn on the human body, products placed on the wrist in the form of a smart band or smart watch were the most common, followed by footwear and insole forms worn on the foot, accessories such as necklaces and belts, wearable smart clothes, products with a sensor attached, a product using fabric equipped with micro sensors, and a product attached to a wearable device

Quantum Hall Effect in Bernal Stacked and Twisted Bilayer Graphene Grown on Cu by Chemical Vapor Deposition

We examine the quantum Hall effect in bilayer graphene grown on Cu substrates by chemical vapor deposition. Spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy suggests a mixture of Bernal (A-B) stacked and rotationally faulted (twisted) domains. Magnetotransport measurements performed on bilayer domains with a wide 2D band reveal quantum Hall states (QHSs) at filling factors $\nu=4, 8, 12$ consistent with a Bernal stacked bilayer, while magnetotransport measurements in bilayer domains defined by a narrow 2D band show a superposition of QHSs of two independent monolayers. The analysis of the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations measured in twisted graphene bilayers provides the carrier density in each layer as a function of the gate bias and the inter-layer capacitance.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Eating behaviors and weight over time in a prospective study: the Healthy Twin Study

We examined the relationships of combined initial restrained and external/emotional eating with initial BMI andchange in weight and these subscales over time. BMI and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire were twicemeasuredin 1361 Korean twins and families (482 men, 879 women) over a period of 2.7±0.9 years. Subjectswere classified by combination of initial sex-specific restrained and external (or emotional) eating tertiles. Linearmixed models were performed after adjusting for confounders at baseline (household, sibling relations, sex, age,education level, smoking, alcohol use, energy intake, physical activity, and medical history). In adjusted models,initial BMI increased with increasing tertiles of initial restrained eating across initial external/emotional eatingtertiles. Weight was less likely to increase over time with increasing tertiles of initial restrained eating in the lowestexternal eating tertile and middle tertile of emotional eating at baseline. Subscale scores decreased over timewith increasing tertiles of corresponding subscales at baseline. These findings suggest that high dietary restraintand external/emotional eating may indicate concurrent high BMI and attenuated weight gain and decreases in correspondingsubscales over time.This work was supported by the 2013 Inje University research grant.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2014-01/102/0000040632/2SEQ:2PERF_CD:SNU2014-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000040632ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A077602DEPT_CD:902CITE_RATE:1.055FILENAME:2.eating behaviors and weight over time in a prospective_인제대.pdfDEPT_NM:보건학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YCONFIRM: